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  • 1
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    Airborne imaging of tropospheric emission at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: In September 1993, the NASA Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (MIR) flew on board the NASA ER-2 high-altitude aircraft during CAMEX, and obtained the first wideband millimeter- and submillimeter-wavelength images of tropospheric emission. The MIR is a cross-track radiometer with channels at 89, 150, 183 +/- 1, 3, 7, 220, and 325 +/- 1, 3, 8 GHz. This set provides upwelling brightness information at the two strong rotational water vapor lines at 183.310 and 325.153 GHz and three nearby atmospheric transmission windows. The wideband MIR images of convective raincells reveal unique cloud and precipitation mapping capabilities that are not available from lower frequency microwave channels. Comparisons between the 183 and 325 GHz spectra also reveal differential brightness temperature modes that are related to cloud water.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-110498 , NAS 1.15:110498
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Preliminary results of SAR soil moisture experiment, November 1975 (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The experiment was performed using the Environmental Research Institute of Michigan's (ERIM) dual-frequency and dual-polarization side-looking SAR system on board a C-46 aircraft. For each frequency, horizontally polarized pulses were transmitted and both horizontally and vertically polarized return signals were recorded on the signal film simultaneously. The test sites were located in St. Charles, Missouri; Centralia, Missouri; and Lafayette, Indiana. Each test site was a 4.83 km by 8.05 km (3 mile by 5 mile) rectangular strip of terrain. Concurrent with SAR overflight, ground soil samples of 0-to-2.5 cm and 0-to-15 cm layers were collected for soil moisture estimation. The surface features were also noted. Hard-copy image films and the digital data produced via optical processing of the signal films are analyzed in this report to study the relationship of radar backscatter to the moisture content and the surface roughness. Many difficulties associated with processing and analysis of the SAR imagery are noted. In particular, major uncertainty in the quantitative analysis appeared due to the difficulty of quality reproduction of digital data from the signal films.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TP-1404 , G-7802-F21
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    An empirical model for the complex dielectric permittivity of soils as a function of water content (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The recent measurements on the dielectric properties of soils shows that the variation of dielectric constant with moisture content depends on soil types. The observed dielectric constant increases only slowly with moisture content up to a transition point. Beyond the transition it increases rapidly with moisture content. The moisture value of transition region was found to be higher for high clay content soils than for sandy soils. Many mixing formulas were compared with, and were found incompatible with, the measured dielectric variations of soil-water mixtures. A simple empirical model was proposed to describe the dielectric behavior of ths soil-water mixtures. The relationship between transition moisture and wilting point provides a means of estimating soil dielectric properties on the basis of texture information.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-79659
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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