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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; Jan. 1
    Format: text
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The intensity of Explorer-12 substorm protons with energies above 140 keV observed in the far outer belt are compared with several commonly used geomagnetic indices. The parameters considered in the correlation include Davis and Sugiura's (1966) AE index that provides a measure of the magnitude of substorm intensity, the asymmetric ring-current index R(DS) that is obtained from nine low-latitude stations, Sugiura and Hendricks' (1967) Dst index representing the symmetric component of the ring current, and the planetary magnetic index Kp.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; Jan. 1
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Measurements of average proton, helium, carbon, and oxygen fluxes at 6.6 earth radii are reported. The data represent averages obtained on ATS 6 between June 15 and Oct. 3, 1974. The energy range covered was 0.36-1.1 MeV for protons and approximately 1-4 MeV for the heavier ions. The results indicate that above about 1 MeV the heavier ion fluxes dominate over the proton flux on the energy/ion scale. Using two different spectral dependencies to fit the data, the carbon to oxygen concentration ratio for energies above 1 MeV was found to be 0.43 for the power law spectrum and 0.44 for the exponential spectrum. Thus in either case the abundance ratio is consistent with the solar origin of the particles. Similarly, the helium to oxygen concentration ratio is found to be 0.17 for the power law spectrum and 0.28 for the exponential spectrum. This is inconsistent with the solar wind ratio, which is about 10. The results quoted above are based on a very small portion of the distribution function above 1 MeV.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 85; Oct. 1
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The considered investigation is concerned with a detailed analysis of the event of August 13, 1974. The considered day was a geomagnetically quiet day, and ATS 6 was stationed at 94 deg W longitude. On the basis of the conducted analysis it is found that the observed flux oscillations may be a fossil signature of flux modulations which have occurred in ions at an earlier time and at a region away from the spot of observation. In conclusion, it is pointed out that the August 13, 1974, and the January 23, 1975, events of proton flux oscillations observed by ATS 6 are of great importance. They reveal another unique capability of the drifting particles for preserving small modulation signatures imposed upon them during earlier wave-particle interactions. At the present, no conclusions are drawn as to what kind of the wave-particle interaction process was responsible for the observation.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; Dec. 1
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A number of repeated rapid flux dropouts have been observed at 6.6 earth radii by the low-energy proton detectors on board the ATS 6 satellite during the July 4-6, 1974, geomagnetic storm period. These rapid flux changes are caused by the fact that the outer boundary of the trapped radiation region moves back and forth past the satellite. Although a tilting field line configuration can cause the boundary to pass the satellite, as has frequently been reported in the literature, the boundary is shown to be distorted by a large surface wave traveling eastward around the earth. The maximum velocity of the wave was observed to be about 40 km/s.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 81; Jan. 1
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The ultra-low-frequency modulation of ion flux densities at small pitch angles observed by ATS 6 is examined, with particular attention given to a detailed analysis of a representative event. ULF modulation events with maximum modulation at small pitch angles were identified 14 times during the first eight months of operation of the NOAA low-energy particle detector on ATS 6. For the event of October 23, 1974, maximum flux modulation, with a maximum/minimum intensity ratio of 3.7, was observed in the 100 to 150 keV detector at an angle of 32 deg to the ambient field. Spectral analysis of magnetic field data reveals a right elliptically polarized magnetic perturbation with a 96-sec period and a 5-gamma rms amplitude, propagating in the dipole meridian at an angle of about 15 deg to the ambient field and the dipole axis. Proton flux modulation is found to lag the field by up to 180 deg for the lowest-energy channel. Observations are compared with the drift wave, MHD slow wave, and bounce resonant interaction associated with transverse wave models, and it is found that none of the wave models can adequately account for all of the correlated particle and field oscillations.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 85; Feb. 1
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Magnetopause current layer equilibrium
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-112788
    Format: application/pdf
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