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  • 1
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    Limnological studies and remote sensing of the Upper Truckee River sediment plume in Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Remote Sensing of Environment; 3; 1, 19; 1974
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  • 2
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    Conical ion distributions at one earth radius - Observations from the acceleration region? (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Thermal ion measurements from the retarding ion mass spectrometer (RIMS) on Dynamics Explorer 1 (DE 1) in the night side auroral region were surveyed for evidence of ion acceleration. The RIMS measurements showed evidence for ion acceleration in the 2-10,000 km altitude range, with ion distributions peaked near 90 deg, and with temperatures of 1 to 10 eV. Two illustrations of the RIMS data for such observations are given. The conical distributions are found at the low latitude edge of the auroral region, just outside the plasmapause. In the first example, the three major ion species (H+, He+, and O+) show evidence of acceleration. The angular distributions are peaked at different pitch angles, indicating that the different species have been accelerated at different altitudes. The H+ flux is higher than the O+ flux in this first example, in the RIMS energy range (0-50 eV). This is apparently typical of the RIMS observations on the night side. In the second example, only O+ is transversely accelerated.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 6; 3, 19
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  • 3
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    The discovery of nitrogen ions in the earth's magnetosphere (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Operating in a mass scanning mode, the Retarding Ion Mass Spectrometer (RIMS) has measured N(+) and N(++) ions in the magnetosphere. Both N(+) and N(++) are observed in the plasmasphere, with N(+) ions also seen flowing out of the northern polar cap at altitudes up to 3 earth radii. The N(+) fluxes are 5 to 10% of the O(+) fluxes with the N(++) fluxes at 1-5% of the N(+) fluxes.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 9; Sept
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  • 4
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    Observations of molecular ions in the earth's magnetosphere (1985)
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The retarding ion mass spectrometer on Dynamics Explorer 1 operating over the polar cap during a large magnetic storm has measured fluxes of up to 10 to the 6th ions/sq cm s of the molecular ions N2(+), NO(+), and O2(+). These ions were measured beginning low in the satellite orbit (1.1 earth radii) and extending to about 3 earth radii geocentric altitude. Near perigee, the ions have a rammed distribution indicating a cold Maxwellian plasma (1000-2000 K). The molecular ions gradually shift to a field-aligned distribution at the higher alitudes. An upward flow of 5-10 km/s is found in these field-aligned measurements. The density of the molecular ions is on the order of 2/cu cm at all altitudes, and the energy of the ions generally increases as the satellite moves sunward across the southern polar cap. Kinetic energies of at least 20 eV were found at 2.5 earth-radii geocentric distance.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 7599-760
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  • 5
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    First measurements of supersonic polar wind in the polar magnetosphere (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Measurements from the Retarding Ion Mass Spectrometer on the Dynamics Explorer have, for the first time, revealed a supersonic polar wind along polar cap field lines. The observations reported were obtained on the nightside (22:30 to 23:30 MLT) from 65 to 81 deg invariant latitude and at altitudes near 2 earth radii. Fitting the data using a thin-sheath model gives a range of temperatures of 0.1 to 0.2 eV with corresponding flow velocities of 25 to 16 km/s over the estimated range of spacecraft potential of +3 to +5 V. For these values the Mach number ranged from 5.1 to 2.6 (with a most likely value of 3). Characteristics of the H(+) flow are in general agreement with those predicted by 'classical' polar wind theory, but high variabilty of the He(+)/H(+) ratio was observed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 11; 7 Ju; 669-672
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  • 6
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    Plasma observations at the earth's magnetic equator (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: New observations of particle and wave data from the magnetic equator from the DE 1 spacecraft are reported. The results demonstrate that the equatorial plasma population is predominantly hydrogen and that the enhanced ion fluxes observed at the equator occur without an increase in the total plasma density. Helium is occasionally found heated along with the protons, and forms about 10 percent of the equatorially trapped population at such times. The heated H(+) ions can be characterized by a bi-Maxwellian with kT(parallel) = 0.5-1.0 eV and kT = 5-50 eV, with a density of 10-100/cu cm. The total plasma density is relatively constant with latitude. First measurements of the equatorially trapped plasma and coincident UHR measurements show that the trapped plasma is found in conjunction with equatorial noise.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 2385-240
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  • 7
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    Plasma and field observations of a Pc 5 wave event (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The particle detector and electric field data collected by the Dynamo Explorer 1 on the Pc 5 wave event encounter on July 14, 1982 are presented, yielding a nearly complete picture of the event. The overall structure of the Pc 5 seems to order the event into two distinct halves, suggesting a temporal or spatial variation of the micropulsation. Thermal plasma measurements showed that the dominant ion throughout both lobes was H(+). Significant quantities of He(+), O(+), N(+), and O(2+) were also observed to be present and rotating together in a plane normal to the magnetic field direction, due to the Pc5 E x B drift. The plasma parameters determined for the two lobes were used in theoretical calculations to predict the period of the observed resonance.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 11147-11
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  • 8
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    Aperture plane potential control for thermal ion measurements (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The effects produced by the addition of an aperture plane to control the bias around an instrument for low-energy ion measurements on satellites collecting data in the plasmasphere and over the polar cap are analyzed. The analysis is based on the design and functions of the retarding ion mass spectrometer (RIMS) on the DE 1 satellite. The NASA Charging Analyzer Program, which treats the spacecraft as a cylinder, was used to generate one set of predictions. A second model involves solution of the Laplace equation with the spacecraft treated as a sphere. Both models were used to predict the barrier height expected at the aperture in response to the bias induced to offset the potential. Comparisons with plasma data show that in the thin sheath regime of the plasmasphere the detectors act as if the potential is shifted, thereby lowering the energy resolution of the instrument. Outside the plasmasphere the barrier height dominates the spin curve variations more than the potential. Partial potential control is available from induced bias apertures if control is active and guided by electron detectors with sensitivities in the 0.5-50.0 eV energy range.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 3117-312
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  • 9
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    The hidden ion population - Revisited (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: In an investigation conducted by Olsen (1982) on the basis of particle data taken with an electrostatic analyzer, it was found that a cold plasma population with a density between 10 and 100 per cu cm appeared suddenly when the satellite was eclipsed, but was hidden in sunlight. The present paper has the objective to show further measurements of ordinarily 'hidden' ion populations, in order to resolve some of the questions raised in connection with the Scatha satellite data reported by Olsen. It is found that the retarding ion mass spectrometer (RIMS) detector is capable of measuring the core of the plasma distribution in sunlight and eclipse, though the task is more easily done in eclipse. There are, however, limitations concerning the ability of the detector to measure all the plasma, all the time. It is, therefore, pointed out that continuous effective measurements of the 'hidden' ion population of the magnetosphere still awaits satellites with effective means of potential control.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 12
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  • 10
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    Multi-stage sampling of forest resources by using space photography (1969)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Multistage sampling technique for conducting timber inventories using spaceborne photography
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER 2D ANN. EARTH RESOURCES AIRCRAFT PROGRAM STATUS REV., VOL. 2 1969 (SEE N71-11976 02-13)
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