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  • 1
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    Horizontal crustal motion in the central and eastern Mediterranean inferred from Satellite Laser Ranging measurements (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Four campaigns to acquire Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) measurements at sites in the Mediterranean region have been completed. These measurements to the LAGEOS satellite, made largely by mobile systems, cover a time span beginning in November 1985 and ending in June 1993. The range data from 18 sites in the central and eastern Mediterranean have been simultaneously analyzed with data acquired by the remainder of the global laser tracking network. Estimates of horizontal motion were placed into a regional, northern Europe-fixed, kinematic reference frame. Uncertainties are on the order of 5 mm/yr for sites having at least four occupations by mobile systems and approach 1 mm/yr for permanently located sites with long histories of tracking. The resulting relative motion between sites in the Aegean exhibit characteristics of broadly distributed pattern of radial extension, but at rates that are about 50% larger than those implied from studies of seismic strain rates based on seismicity of magnitude 6 or greater or across the region. The motion estimated for sites in Turkey exhibit velocity components associated with the westward motion of the Anatolian Block relative to Eurasia. These results provide a present-day 'snapshot' of ongoing deformational processes as experienced by the locations occupied by SLR systems.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 21; 18; p. 1979-1982
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  • 2
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    Effect of the HITRAN 92 spectral data on the retrieval of NO2 mixing ratios from Nimbus 7 LIMS (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: To ensure spectral consistency when comparing Nimbus 7 Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere Experiment (LIMS) NO2 distributions with those from Atmosphere Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) and Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite Experiments (UARS), 1 day (May 5, 1979) of LIMS measurements were reprocessed using the NO2 line list on the HITRAN 92 tape compiled by the Airforce Geophysics Laboratory (AFGL). The revised NO2 mixing ratios are smaller by up to 20%. The decrease is not constant with height, latitude, or time of day but depends on the absolute amount of NO2 in the profile, as a result of a change in the degree of saturation for the strong NO2 spectral lines. The revised NO2 agrees better with correlative measurements and with NO2 distributions from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) and Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) satellite experiments but not with those from ATMOS 85. Profiles of the day/night ratio of revised NO2 are now larger near 5 hPa. There is also some improvement between observed and modeled ozone in the upper stratosphere, when the revised nighttime NO2 profile is used as the estimate of NO(y) for the model calculations.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 99; D11; p. 22,965-22,973
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  • 3
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    Tectonic motion and deformation from satellite laser ranging to Lageos (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Data on satellite laser ranging (SLR) to Lageos aquired during the period 1978-1988 are analyzed on the basis of the precise modeling of the orbit dynamics of Lageos, producing estimates of tectonic motion for 22 sites located on seven major plates. It was estimated that intraplate motion within northern Europe is below the 2 mm/yr level in absolute rate, in agreement with conclusions of Zoback et al. (1989) regarding the stress across the region. A comparison of SLR geodesic rates with those from NUVEL-1 and AMO-2 models showed high correlations between tracking sites that are well within plate interiors, but displayed small but significant departures from unity in slope which are attributed to the possibility of recent changes in relative velocities or geologic time scale uncertainties. For lines crossing the Nnorth Atlantic, the San Andreas fault, and within the Basin and Range province, the geodesic rates determined by SLR are in good agreement with those determined by VLBI.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 22013-22
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  • 4
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    Gravity model development for precise orbit computations for satellite altimetry (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Two preliminary gravity models developed as a first step in reaching the TOPEX/Poseidon modeling goals are discussed. They were obtained by NASA-Goddard from an analysis of exclusively satellite tracking observations. With the new Preliminary Gravity Solution-T2 model, an improved global estimate of the field is achieved with an improved description of the geoid.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 6; 9, 19
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  • 5
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    A GSFC alternative to the SLR MERIT constants (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The use of the Lageos satellite to monitor the earth's orientation is examined. The derivations of long wavelength ocean tidal parameters, a geocentric gravitational constant of 398,600.436 cu km/ sq sec + or - 0.0001 cu km/sq sec, and Love numbers using Lageos laser ranging data are described. The uncertainties of the geopotential model, GEM-L2 of Lerch et al. (1982), are discussed. The calculation of polar motion using the Lageos constants is considered. The Lageos constants are tested by applying them to independent laser ranging data. It is determined that the new constants improve the rms of fit to independent Lageos data and improve the earth orientation parameters compared to VLBI data obtained during the IRIS project.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 6
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    Applications of ISES for geology (1990)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The principal applications for onboard data processing and real-time data transmission in the geological sciences are the detection of early warning signs of potential catastrophic events and the rapid assessment of impact and damage following major events. Also, the opportunity for quick look and supporting data during field investigations should not be disregarded. The Eos platforms are ideal for these applications because of the variety of earth sensing instruments and their differing modes of operation. Further study is required to define the role for each instrument and to assess how they can aid each other in establishing an improved output product.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Earth Sciences Requirements for the Information Sciences Experiment System; p 139-143
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Model/data comparisons of ozone in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: We compare ground-based microwave observations of ozone in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere with daytime observations made from the SME (Solar Mesosphere Explorer) satellite, with nighttime data from the LIMS instrument, and with a diurnal photochemical model. The results suggest that the data are all in reasonable agreement and that the model-data discrepancy is much less than previously thought, particularly in the mesosphere. This appears to be due to the fact that the latest data are lower than earlier reports and the updated model predicts more ozone than older versions. The model and the data agree to within a factor of 1.5 at all altitudes and typically are within 20 percent.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center, Ozone in the Troposphere and Stratosphere, Part 1; p 294-297
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  • 8
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    Ultrasensitive detection of atmospheric trace gases using frequency modulation spectroscopy (1986)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Frequency modulation (FM) spectroscopy is a new technique that promises to significantly extend the state-of-the-art in point detection of atmospheric trace gases. FM spectroscopy is essentially a balanced bridge optical heterodyne approach in which a small optical absorption or dispersion from an atomic or molecular species of interest generates an easily detected radio frequency (RF) signal. This signal can be monitored using standard RF signal processing techniques and is, in principle, limited only by the shot noise generated in the photodetector by the laser source employed. The use of very high modulation frequencies which exceed the spectral width of the probed absorption line distinguishes this technique from the well-known derivative spectroscopy which makes use of low (kHz) modulation frequencies. FM spectroscopy was recently extended to the 10 micron infrared (IR) spectral region where numerous polyatomic molecules exhibit characteristic vibrational-rotational bands. In conjunction with tunable semiconductor diode lasers, the quantum-noise-limited sensitivity of the technique should allow for the detection of absorptions as small as .00000001 in the IR spectral region. This sensitivity would allow for the detection of H2O2 at concentrations as low as 1 pptv with an integration time of 10 seconds.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Future Directions for H sub x O sub y Detection; p 40-41
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  • 9
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    Atlas of TOMS ozone data collected during the Genesis of Atlantic Lows Experiment (GALE), 1986 (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Data from the TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) instrument aboard the Nimbus-7 satellite were collected daily in real time during the GALE (Genesis of Atlantic Lows Experiment) from January 15 through March 15, l986. The TOMS ozone data values were processed into GEMPAK format and transferred from the Goddard Space Flight Center to GALE operations in Raleigh-Durham, NC, in as little as three hours for use, in part, to direct aircraft research flights recording in situ measurements of ozone and water vapor in areas of interest. Once in GEMPAK format, the ozone values were processed into gridded form using the Barnes objective analysis scheme and contour plots of the ozone created. This atlas provides objectively analyzed contour plots of the ozone for each of the sixty days of GALE as well as four-panel presentations of the ozone analysis combined on the basis of GALE Intensive Observing Periods (IOP's).
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-87809 , NAS 1.15:87809
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  • 10
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    Satellite observations of ozone near tropopause folds during the 1982 Atmospheric Variability Experiment (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The relationship between the total column ozone and the frontal structure associated with mid-latitude baroclinic waves and jets was investigated by comparing the midday ozone data from the Nimbus-7 TOMS instrument to the upper level analyses of baroclinic zones from the 1982 Atmospheric Variability Experiment (AVE82) rawinsonde network. It was found that, for all the three baroclinic waves captured during the AVE82 campaign, the satellite-observed ozone enhancements were associated with tropopause depressions; however, the ozone maxima occurred 300-500 km to the east of the lowered or folded tropopause, indicating that a stratospheric convergence zone exists well above and eastward of the corresponding wave in the troposphere. Therefore, tropopause folds cannot be considered as the 'cause' of the local ozone maxima above the mid-latitude baroclinic zones captured by the AVE82 network.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography; Sept. 3-7, 1990; London; United Kingdom
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