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  • GEOPHYSICS  (13)
  • METEOROLOGY  (9)
  • PHYSICS, GENERAL  (2)
  • THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION  (2)
  • 1
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    The ice-core record - Climate sensitivity and future greenhouse warming (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The prediction of future greenhouse-gas-warming depends critically on the sensitivity of earth's climate to increasing atmospheric concentrations of these gases. Data from cores drilled in polar ice sheets show a remarkable correlation between past glacial-interglacial temperature changes and the inferred atmospheric concentration of gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. These and other palaeoclimate data are used to assess the role of greenhouse gases in explaining past global climate change, and the validity of models predicting the effect of increasing concentrations of such gases in the atmosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 347; 139-145
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  • 2
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    Radiative transfer by doubling very thin layers. (1969)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Radiative transfer by doubling very thin layers in problem of diffuse reflection from plane-parallel atmosphere eliminates numerically solving transfer equation
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 3
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    Light scattering in planetary atmospheres (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This paper reviews scattering theory required for analysis of light reflected by planetary atmospheres. Section 1 defines the radiative quantities which are observed. Section 2 demonstrates the dependence of single-scattered radiation on the physical properties of the scatterers. Section 3 describes several methods to compute the effects of multiple scattering on the reflected light.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Space Science Reviews; 16; Oct. 197
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  • 4
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    Numerical experiments on short-term meteorological effects of solar variability (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Set of numerical experiments has been carried out to test the short range sensitivity of a large atmospheric general circulation model to changes in solar constant and ozone amount. On the basis of the results of 12-day integrations with very large variations in these parameters, it is concluded that realistic variations would produce insignificant meteorological effects. Thus any causal relationships between solar variability and weather, for time scales of two weeks or less, will have to rely upon changes in parameters other than solar constant or ozone amounts, or upon mechanisms not yet incorporated in the model.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY
    Type: Possible Relationships between Solar Activity and Meteorol. Phenomena; p 319-335
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  • 5
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    Greenhouse effect of trace gases, 1970-1980 (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Increased abundances were measured for several trace atmospheric gases in the decade 1970-1980. The equilibrium greenhouse warming for the measured increments of CH4, chlorofluorocarbons and N2O is between 50% and 100% of the equilibrium warming for the measured increase of atmospheric CO2 during the same 10 years. The combined warming of CO2 and trace gases should exceed natural global temperature variability in the 1980's and cause the global mean temperature to rise above the maximum of the late 1930's.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 8; Oct. 198
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  • 6
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    A parameterization for the absorption of solar radiation in the earth's atmosphere (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A method is described for rapidly computing the amount of solar energy absorbed at the earth's surface and in the atmosphere as a function of altitude. The method is a parametric treatment, but the form of the solution and the coefficients involved are based on accurate multiple-scattering computations. In this treatment the absorption varies with the amount and type of clouds, the humidity, the zenith angle of the sun, and the albedo of the earth's surface. Within the stratosphere the absorption also depends on the vertical distribution of ozone. This parameterization for solar radiation is being used in current versions of the global atmospheric circulation model developed at the Goddard Institute for Space Studies.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 31; Jan. 197
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  • 7
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    The GISS model of the global atmosphere (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A description and numerical results are presented for a global atmospheric circulation model developed at the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS). The model version described is a 9-level primitive-equation model in sigma coordinates. It includes a realistic distribution of continents, oceans and topography. Detailed calculations of energy transfer by solar and terrestrial radiation make use of cloud and water vapor fields calculated by the model. The model hydrologic cycle includes two precipitation mechanisms: large-scale supersaturation and a parameterization of subgrid-scale cumulus convection. Results are presented both from a comparison of the 13th to the 43rd days (January) of one integration with climatological statistics, and from five short-range forecasting experiments. In the extended integration, the near-equilibrium January-mean model atmosphere exhibits an energy cycle in good agreement with observational estimates, together with generally realistic zonal mean fields of winds, temperature, humidity, transports, diabatic heating, evaporation, precipitation, and cloud cover.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 31; Jan. 197
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  • 8
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    A general circulation model study of atmospheric carbon monoxide (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The carbon monoxide cycle is studied by incorporating the known and hypothetical sources and sinks in a tracer model that uses the winds generated by a general circulation model. Photochemical production and loss terms, which depend on OH radical concentrations, are calculated in an interactive fashion. The computed global distribution and seasonal variations of CO are compared with observations to obtain constraints on the distribution and magnitude of the sources and sinks of CO, and on the tropospheric abundance of OH. The simplest model that accounts for available observations requires a low latitude plant source of about 1.3 x 10 to the 15th g/yr, in addition to sources from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and oxidation of methane. The globally averaged OH concentration calculated in the model is 750,000/cu cm. Models that calculate globally averaged OH concentrations much lower than this nominal value are not consistent with the observed variability of CO. Such models are also inconsistent with measurements of CO isotopic abundances, which imply the existence of plant sources.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; April 20
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  • 9
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    Climate-chemical interactions and effects of changing atmospheric trace gases (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The paper considers trace gas-climate effects including the greenhouse effect of polyatomic trace gases, the nature of the radiative-chemical interactions, and radiative-dynamical interactions in the stratosphere, and the role of these effects in governing stratospheric climate change. Special consideration is given to recent developments in the investigations of the role of oceans in governing the transient climate responses, and a time-dependent estimate of the potential trace gas warming from the preindustrial era to the early 21st century. The importance of interacting modeling and observational efforts is emphasized. One of the problems remaining on the observational front is the lack of certainty in current estimates of the rate of growth of CO, O3, and NOx; the primary challenge is the design of a strategy that will minimize the sampling errors.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Reviews of Geophysics (ISSN 8755-1209); 25; 1441-148
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  • 10
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    Three dimensional global modeling of atmospheric CO2 (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A model was developed to study the prospects of extracting information on carbon dioxide sources and sinks from observed CO2 variations. The approach uses a three dimensional global transport model, based on winds from a 3-D general circulation model (GCM), to advect CO2 noninteractively, i.e., as a tracer, with specified sources and sinks of CO2 at the surface. The 3-D model employed is identified and biosphere, ocean and fossil fuel sources and sinks are discussed. Some preliminary model results are presented.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-85444 , NAS 1.15:85444 , DE84-005696 , DOE/ER-60082/T1
    Format: application/pdf
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