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  • Articles  (138)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (138)
  • GEOPHYSICS
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
  • Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology  (138)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 22 (1997), S. 249-255 
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The explosive performance of ∊-CL-20 was found to be approximately 14% greater than HMX as determined by cylinder expansion and tantalum plate acceleration experiments. This makes it the most powerful explosive ever tested at small volume expansions of the detonation products. In general CL-20 is more sensitive than HMX. However, the sensitivity of CL-20 to one-dimensional shock loading was found to be similar to HMX.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 6 (1981), S. 161-165 
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The linear dynamic mechanical properties of plastic-bonded explosives (PBXs) were measured from -40 °C to +50 °C over the frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 4 Hz with a Rheometrics dynamic mechanical spectrometer. The purpose of the measurements was to develop correlations between the viscoelastic properties of composite high explosive systems and their impact sensitivities. Data from drop-skid tests using the 45°-angled target, as performed by the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL), were used in the sensitivity measurements. The skid-test drop height was inversely proportional to the shear storage modulus of the PBXs and the glass transition temperature (measured dynamically) of the PBXs tested.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 2 (1977), S. 81-84 
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An improved gas comparison pycnometer has been developed, based on precise differential pressure measurements coupled with a sample volume compensator. Using helium gas, volumes of solid and powdered explosives can be measured to a precision approaching one part in lo4. Coupled with a precise mass measurement, these volumes allow densities with an uncertainty of ∼± 0.002 g/ml to be inferred. Measurements performed on various explosives have allowed assessment of the purity and homogeneity of individual samples. It is also possible to infer void percentage or porosity in pressed explosive pellets.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 16 (1991), S. 255-265 
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The quasi-static compaction behavior of a number of single- and double-base ball propellants has been investigated to determine the effect of nitroglycerin (NG) content. Simultaneous measurements were obtained of axial applied and transmitted forces, circumferential strain, and porous bed displacement, resulting in the calculation of axial average solid stress and radial stress as a function of porous bed consolidation. Five Olin ball propellants designated as WC140, TS3660, TS3659, Winchester #231, and TS3661 in order of increasing NG content, were compacted. Their NG concentrations ranged from 0 to ∼35 wt%. The most significant effects of increased NG content were to decrease the various axial and radial stress levels present at constant degree of bed consolidation and to increase the coefficient of kinetic friction at the porous bed/mold wall interface. Microscopic examination of recovered samples that had been compacted revealed that extensive plastic deformation occurred in the absence of particle fracture.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 19 (1994), S. 19-25 
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Phase transitions in the α-, β-, γ-, and ∊-polymorphs of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) have been studied as a function of temperature. Described are the results of high temperature equilibrium solvation studies coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for the identification of polymorphic conversion. These results are augmented by data in Part II from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric analysis (DTA/TGA), and optical hot stage microscopy(6). The thermodynamic stability order of ∊ 〉 γ 〉 α-hydrate 〉 β is shown, with the epsilon polymorph the most thermodynamically stable phase of HNTW at room temperature. The existence of multiple α-hydrate phases is shown to complicate the determination of the equilibrium P-T phase diagram of HNIW.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 19 (1994), S. 174-179 
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: 3-Amino-5nitro-1,2,4-triazole(ANTA) was prepared and evaluated in terms of insensitivity and performance. The material is very insensitive to impact and moderately so to thermal stimuli. Performance was found to be inferior to 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB). The best synthesis of ANTA is a three-step route using commercially available 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 19 (1994), S. 232-239 
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The synthesis and characterization of 2-oxo-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (K-6), a cyclic dinitrourea, is described. The laboratory synthesis was scaled-up to provide 1.6 kilograms of crystalline K-6 which was used for performance testing. K-6 was formulated with 5% Viton A and pressed to 96.5% theoretical maximum density (TMD). Performance measurements in the form of front surface velocity measurements (tantalum plate push) and 1-inch cylinder expansion experiments indicate K-6 will out-perform HMX by 4% at early volume expansions. Thermal response and shock sensitivity experiments on K-6 are also described.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 20 (1995), S. 287-293 
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The reactions of combustion products (CO, H2O) from the insensitive high explosive LX-17 (92.5 wt% 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB), 7.5 wt% Kel-F 800 binder) with molten metal (75 a%Nd, 25 a% Fe) were studied, to determine their contribution to the energy release rate of deflagrating LX-17, Kinetic data taken with gas mixtures of CO and H2O, and larger-scale tests with LX-17, showed that the reactions were slow and incomplete and that there was no significant contribution to the energy release rate. From the tests with JX-17, the effective flame temperature and burn velocity were dependent on confinement of gas products. LX-17 preheated to 500 K - 510 K showed effective flame temperatures of 1100 K - 1400 K and burn rates of 0.08-0.11 mm/s, depending on the extent of gas confinement by the molten metal.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 18 (1993), S. 352-355 
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A review of the works, in which the E-phase of boron nitride had been obtained under various physical treatments, revealed that in all cases during the formation or isolation of the E-phase the sample can be impurified with oxygen. An X-ray spectral study of crystalline E-phase obtained in the present work proved it to be a solid solution of the type BN1 - xOx containing B-B bonds.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 19 (1994), S. 133-144 
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Solid-solid phase transitions in the α-, β-, γ-, and ∊-polymorphs of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) have been studied as a function of temperature. Techniques employed include differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric analysis (DTA/TGA), and hot stage microscope analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify results of polymorphic conversion. Results corroborate those(2) of Part I that the existence of multiple α-hydrate phases complicates definition of the HNIW P-T phase diagram. A high temperature endothermic DSC response was determined by FTIR spectroscopy to be the β → γ transition, not a conversion to a new high temperature “delta” phase. The role of water in the shifting this conversion to higher temperature is discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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