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  • Articles  (677)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (677)
  • GEOPHYSICS
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
  • Medicine  (677)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The monsanto polyacrylonitrile hollow-fiber artificial kidney (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 6 (1972), S. 59-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Advantages of a hollow-fiber hemodialyzer have been well described. The goal of this program was to provide a working model of a noncellulosic hollow fiber artificial kidney with nonthrombogenic blood-contacting surfaces, low blood-priming volume and low pressure drop, a satisfactory rate of urea transport, and high rate of ultrafiltration of water. Also, the reliability and utility of these devices was to be demonstrated through clinical evaluation.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820060208
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of fibronectin on the adhesion of an established cell line to a surface reactive biomaterial (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 16 (1982), S. 195-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: We have demonstrated that an established hamster cell line (NIL 8 M-2) will adhere to the bioceramic bioglass. The rate at which the NIL 8 M-2 cells assume a spread morphology on bioglass is density dependent and the morphology displayed by NIL 8 M-2 cells attached to bioglass is much more elongated than that displayed by NIL 8 M-2 cells attached to nonreactive glass. Precoating the bioglass with the plasma form of human fibronectin significantly reduces the density dependent nature of cell spreading. Coating the bioglass with fibronectin also reduces the time required for cell spreading and changes the morphology of the attached cells from an elongated to an extremely flattened shape. Our work raises the possibility that bone-implant adhesion might be improved by introducing molecules relevant to cell-substrate attachment into the biomaterial prior to implantation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820160303
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of forms of collagen linked to polyurethane on endothelial cell growth (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 32 (1996), S. 645-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Collagen has been widely coated or grafted onto polymer surfaces to improve the biocompatibility of materials. To better support the growth of endothelial cells on polyurethane (PU), collagen was grafted to the carboxyl group enriched PU through 1,2-bis(2,3-epoxypropoxy)ethane linking. Our results demonstrated that collagen in various conditions may result in different forms being grafted to the PU substrate, which subsequently affected the growth of endothelial cells. Collagen predialyzed against physiological phosphate buffered saline (PBS) could be reconstituted into native type fibrils with a bigger diameter at 37°C than could collagen neutralized by titration with NaOH. At low temperature, titrated collagen formed flosslike fibrils packed in a ball with cobblestonelike morphology. The amount of collagen grafted was related to the condition of the collagen used, which in consequence affected the diameter of the collagen fibril formed and the growth of endothelial cells. In conclusion, reconstituted collagen fibrils formed from collagen in PBS at 37°C grafted in the highest amounts to an epoxy-PU substrate and that optimally supported the growth of endothelial cells. Such prepared materials may be potentially good vascular bioprosthetic materials and may provide a wide range of biological applications. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of local controlled release of sodium fluoride on the stimulation of bone growth (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 23 (1989), S. 571-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: This study was performed to test the feasibility of using a biodegradable delivery system for the local controlled release of sodium fluoride as a mechanism for the stimulation of local bone growth. Sodium fluoride grains were mixed with poly-DL-lactic acid (PLA), and the mixture was then dissolved in acetone. After driving off the solvent, sheets of this material were rolled into rods 3.2 mm in diameter and 28.6 mm long. These were inserted into the intramedullary canals of the right femora of adult New Zealand White rabbits. A sham implant, made the same way but containing no fluoride, was inserted into the contralateral left leg. The effects of three different concentrations of sodium fluoride, 0.125 g NaF/g PLA, 0.250 g NaF/g PLA, and 0.500 g NaF/g PLA, were determined after a 4-week implantation period. In a second set of experiments, the concentration was fixed at 0.500 g NaF/g PLA with implantation durations of 4, 8, and 16 weeks. Expressed in terms of property ratios (experimental/control), bending strengths of the femora were significantly raised in most groups with the notable exception of Group 3 (0.500 g NaF/g PLA, 4 weeks). Cross-sectional area ratios in the distal femora were increased in all groups compared to right/left values for a normal unoperated group (p 〈 0.05), with the highest ratio being 1.50 (SD = 0.44) for Group 4 (0.500 g NaF/g PLA, 8 weeks). Only Group 4 animals showed significant (p 〈 0.05) increases in midshaft area ratio and none had responses proximally. Growth rates, measured by sequential fluorochrome labeling of bone followed the area ratio data and were only significant for the distal femora.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820230604
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation and biocompatibility of a guided tissue regeneration barrier membrane formed from a liquid polymer material (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 42 (1998), S. 303-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: biodegradable barrier films ; canine periodontal defects ; rabbit subcutaneous implants ; mass loss ; polymer degradation rate ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Biodegradable barrier films were made by coagulating a solution of poly(DL-lactide) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone on porous polyethylene pads wetted with saline solution. The semisolid films were cut into 10 × 10 mm barriers and implanted subcutaneously in rabbits. At monthly intervals, the polymer implant sites were compared histologically to those implanted with USP negative control plastic. The polymer films were retrieved from the surrounding tissue, dried, weighed, and the changes in molecular weight determined using gel permeation chromatography. The molecular weight of the polymer decreased at a relatively constant rate over 5 months; however, no significant mass loss occurred until 5 months postimplantation. Also, no distinct histological differences were noted between the polymer barrier and the control plastic sites until 6 months when histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells showed a modest increase around fragmented polymer films. Similar barrier films also were fitted over naturally occurring buccal dehiscence defects in beagle dogs and the tissue sites compared histologically at 6 months to sham-operated control sites. New bone and dense connective tissues closely approximated segments of the remaining polymer and demonstrated the biocompatibility of the biodegradable films. Histomorphometric analyses of treated sites compared to sham controls showed that the polymer barrier is effective in promoting bone and cementum regeneration in periodontal defects in dogs. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 42, 303-311, 1998.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osteoblast precursor cell activity on HA surfaces of different treatments (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 39 (1998), S. 176-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: hydroxyapatite ; crystallinity ; materials characterization ; alkaline phosphatase activity ; osteocalcin concentration ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The clinical success of dental implants is governed by implant surfaces and bone cell responses that promote rapid osseointegration and long-term stability. The specific objective of this study was to investigate osteoblast precursor cell responses to hydroxyapatite (HA) surfaces of different treatments. Since the nature of bone cell responses in vitro is influenced by the properties of HA ceramics, this study was divided into two components: a chemical and crystallographic characterization of the HA ceramics and an in vitro cell culture study. The sintered HA samples were observed to have the highest crystallite size as compared to the as-received HA and calcined HA samples. No differences in the surface roughness and chemical composition were observed among the sintered, calcined, and as-received HA surfaces. In concurrence with the X-ray diffraction, high resolution XPS resolution of Ca 2p also indicated a higher crystallinity on sintered HA samples as compared to the calcined and as-received HA samples. As indicated by increased alkaline phosphatase-specific activity, increased cell-surface and matrix-associated protein, and 1,25 (OH2) vitamin D3-stimulated osteocalcin production, a more differentiated osteoblast-like phenotype was observed on the sintered HA surfaces compared to the as-received HA and calcined HA surfaces. An increased osteoblast-like cell activity on the sintered HA surfaces suggested that the crystallite size of HA surfaces may play an important role in governing cellular response. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 39, 176-183, 1998.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An investigation of bioactive glass powders by sol-gel processing (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 231-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Bioactive glass powders, with a composition of SiO2-CaO-P2O5,have been successfully synthesized via a sol-gel process at considerably loer temperatures than required for conventional melting method. Bioactive glass powders made via conventional methods form an interfacial bond wih none when they are implanted. Bonding is correlated with the formation of a surface hydroxyapatite layer. This study examinded the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer in Tris-buffered solution as a function of SiO2 content of sol-gel derived powders. A FT-IRRS technique was used to monitor the formation of the hydroxyapatite on the surface of the powders. X-ray diffraction analysis and BET were also used to characterize the chemical and physical properties of the sol-gel derived bioactive powders. It was discovered that: (a) the rate of hydroxyapatite formation decreased wih increasing SiO2 content for powders whose SiO2 content was less than 90 mol%; (b) a hydroxyapatite film does not form for the powders whose SiO2 content is more than 90 mol%; (c) the SiO2 limit, beyond which the powders lost their bioactivity, was much higher for bioactive glass powders mad through sol-gel process (90%) than those made by conventional melting methods (60%). These results indicate that it is possible to significantly expand the bioactive composition range through microstructural control made possible by sol-gel processing techniques.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770020403
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of a new polypropylene suture with prolene (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 4 (1993), S. 169-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The purpose of this paper is to examine the performance of the newly available monofilament polypropylene suture (Surgipro) manufactured by U.S. Surgical and compared it with commercial Prolene sutures for determining the merit of this new suture. Two different sizes of Surgipro sutures were esused. They were 4/0 and 0 sizes and were tested in terms of their fundamental properties: level of crystallinity, melting temperature, fiber morphology, and mechanical properties including knot strength and knot security. The effect of three different sterilization methods on the mechanical and fundamental properties of the new polypropylene (PP) sutures was also examined. In general, the new Surgipro sutures performed as good as Prolene sutures in terms of mechanical properties; but there were some differences in fundamental properties between these two types of PP sutures, particularly in finer size PP sutures. The major differences were in interior fiber morphology, level of crystallinity, and melting temperature. Surgipro suture fibers showed homogeneous interior morphology, while Prolene fibers exhibited two distinctive fiber morphologies. These two types of PP suture fibers also responded differently to the three sterilization methods tested. Surgipro sutures are less affected by different sterilization methods than the same size Prolene control. Except for the Co60 gamma sterilization, Surgipro suture fibers did not exhibit statistically significant differences in tensile breaking strength between sterilized and control. Ethylene oxide and autoclave sterilized Prolene suture fibers, however, showed statistically (p 〈 0.05) consistently lower tensile breaking strength than their unsterilized controls. One should be aware of the fact that suture manufacturers are constantly improving their manufacturing processes. The difference between these two types of PP suture fibers may disappear in the future. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770040209
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Technical note: Development of a model for study of in vivo bone strains in normal and microgravity environments (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 6 (1995), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770060310
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of the porcelain inlay in restorative dentistry (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 6 (1972), S. 405-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Porcelain inlays coupled by a silane treatment to composite resins which were used as cementing media and in turn retained by an undercut were evaluated as to their marginal integrity and retention against conventionally restored teeth. These included restorations in teeth with undercuts of resins, composites, and porcelain inlays cemented with zinc oxyphosphate cements.The evaluations were determined by isotope penetration during thermal cycling (180 cycles from 12 to 50°C), scanning electron microscopy of sectioned restorations, and mechanical pull tests.The results showed improved retentive qualities and markedly improved resistance to marginal penetration. Improved adaptation of the composite to the tooth surface was produced by the mechanical action of seating the porcelain inlay.
    Additional Material: 29 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820060110
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