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  • GEOPHYSICS  (9)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (1)
  • 1
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    A planetary radio astronomy discussion of the 1.55 cm microwave emission of the earth (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Using 1.55 cm observations of the earth made by the Electrically Scanned Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) experiment on Nimbus 5, the appearance of the earth from Venus is simulated. A single antenna unable to resolve the earth's disk would give a time-averaged disk temperature of 183 K. In one rotation, the disk temperature would vary from 194 K to 172 K. During the 1973 inferior conjunction, a radio telescope with 1 arc sec resolution would resolve most of the major surface features of the earth.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Icarus; 24; Feb. 197
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    A radio picture of the earth (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A technique called passive microwave remote sensing can be used to obtain a new view of the planet earth by means of radio telescopes carried aboard artificial satellites. An important relationship between the observed radio brightness temperature and the surface conditions provides the basis for the new technique. A radio image is presented of the entire earth on the basis of Nimbus microwave-image data taken January 12-16, 1973.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Sky and Telescope; 49; Jan. 197
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    The magnetic field of the earth - Performance considerations for space-based observing systems (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Basic problems inherent in carrying out observations of the earth magnetic field from space are reviewed. It is shown that while useful observations of the core and crustal fields are possible at the peak of the solar cycle, the greatest useful data volume is obtained during solar minimum. During the last three solar cycles, the proportion of data with a planetary disturbance index of less than 2 at solar maximum was in the range 0.4-0.8 in comparison with solar minimum. It is found that current state of the art orbit determination techniques should eliminate orbit error as a problem in gravitational field measurements from space. The spatial resolution obtained for crustal field anomalies during the major satellite observation programs of the last 30 years are compared in a table. The relationship between observing altitude and the spatial resolution of magnetic field structures is discussed. Reference is made to data obtained using the Magsat, the Polar Orbiting Geophysical Observatory (POGO), and instruments on board the Space Shuttle.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0196-2892); GE-23; 541-551
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Structural investigation of the Canadian Shield by orbital radar and LANDSAT (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Canadian Shield were studied by orbital radar. The primary objective of the study is scientific: to investigate and clarify the tectonic relationships of the Churchill, Superior, and Grenville Provinces, concentrating on their geologic boundaries, the Nelson and Grenvill Fronts. Theories about its origin range from in-situ regional metamorphism to tectonic sutures resulting from terrain accretion. The SIR-B investigation clarifies this problem. Secondary objectives are technique development, and include: (1) evaluation of the use of orbital radar in high altitude Precambrian terrains; (2) evaluation of look-azimuth biasing in radar and LANDSAT imagery; and (3) investigation of the synergistic use of radar, LANDSAT, and geophysical data in Precambrian studies.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: JPL The SIR-B Sci. Invest. Plan; 4 p
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  • 5
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    Applications of satellite data relay to problems of field seismology (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A seismic signal processor was developed and tested for use with the NOAA-GOES satellite data collection system. Performance tests on recorded, as well as real time, short period signals indicate that the event recognition technique used is nearly perfect in its rejection of cultural signals and that data can be acquired in many swarm situations with the use of solid state buffer memories. Detailed circuit diagrams are provided. The design of a complete field data collection platform is discussed and the employment of data collection platforms in seismic network is reviewed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-80673
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Results of the US contribution to the joint US/USSR Bering Sea experiment (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The atmospheric circulation which occurred during the Bering Sea Experiment, 15 February to 10 March 1973, in and around the experiment area is analyzed and related to the macroscale morphology and dynamics of the sea ice cover. The ice cover was very complex in structure, being made up of five ice types, and underwent strong dynamic activity. Synoptic analyses show that an optimum variety of weather situations occurred during the experiment: an initial strong anticyclonic period (6 days), followed by a period of strong cyclonic activity (6 days), followed by weak anticyclonic activity (3 days), and finally a period of weak cyclonic activity (4 days). The data of the mesoscale test areas observed on the four sea ice option flights, and ship weather, and drift data give a detailed description of mesoscale ice dynamics which correlates well with the macroscale view: anticyclonic activity advects the ice southward with strong ice divergence and a regular lead and polynya pattern; cyclonic activity advects the ice northward with ice convergence, or slight divergence, and a random lead and polynya pattern.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70648 , X-910-74-141
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  • 7
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    On the determination of atmospheric path length by passive microwave radiometer (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Microwave radiometer techniques were evaluated for use in atmospheric path length correction of Pacific Plate Motion Experiment interferometer measurements. It is shown that passive microwave radiometry allows precise measurement of the brightness temperature of the sky. It is also noted that the technological requirements of radiometers are very different from the requirements of radio astronomy. The technology was used in the construction of radiometers which are sufficient for use in the path length correction problem. A simulation study shows that, when combined with surface meteorology data, passive microwave radiometer data would allow a determination of the path length correction to better than 2 cm at the zenith. By a careful choice of frequencies, a dual frequency system would allow a measurement of the path length correction to better than 4 cm at zenith angles as great as 60 deg. Because of the wide range of weather conditions to be expected for the PPME sites (which include Alaska, Hawaii and Massachusetts), it will probably be necessary to use a separate correction algorithm for each site.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70976 , X-922-75-107
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  • 8
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    Satellite microwave radiometry (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Recent technological developments have enabled application of the techniques of radio astronomy to problems of earth and ocean physics. To illustrate these applications, we review results from the 19.35 GHz Electrically Scanned Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) now in operation on Nimbus 5. A composite image of the earth made from ESMR observations taken between January 12 and January 16, 1973 illustrates the wide range of physical effects in single channel microwave observations. Multi-frequency observations made from aircraft have demonstrated an even greater potential for satellite radiometry when several frequencies and polarizations are used simultaneously. As an illustration of the considerations required in multi-channel radiometry, we discuss the choice of frequencies for the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) planned for the Nimbus G satellite.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: International Convention and Exposition; Mar 26, 1974 - Mar 29, 1974; New York, NY
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  • 9
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    On the geodetic stability of the Goddard Optical Research Facility (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Seismic observations of earthquakes and blasts, geologic analysis of Landsat images, and a search of the historical record was examined. However, no evidence for tectonic motion was found. Some faulting is present in the area but no evidence of seismic activity was found. No elastic resonances in the range from 0.3 to 15 Hz were found. It is concluded that, except for ground water induced changes, the facility is stable at least to the 0.5 cm level.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-82175
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Tectonic motion site survey of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Green Bank, West Virginia (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A geological and geophysical site survey was made of the area around the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) to determine whether there are at present local tectonic movements that could introduce significant errors to Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) geodetic measurements. The site survey consisted of a literature search, photogeologic mapping with Landsat and Skylab photographs, a field reconnaissance, and installation of a seismometer at the NRAO. It is concluded that local tectonic movement will not contribute significantly to VLBI errors. It is recommended that similar site surveys be made of all locations used for VLBI or laser ranging.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-79691
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