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  • GEOPHYSICS  (6)
  • SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE  (6)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (4)
  • 1
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    SAS-2 observations of gamma rays from the galactic plane (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Preliminary data are given for the SAS-2 high energy galactic gamma ray observation. These data include both latitude and longitude distributions. The longitude distribution shows a high density region. The latitude distributions toward the center and the anti-center are markedly different, the former showing a two-component structure of half-widths of approximately 3 and 6 deg. The energy spectrum in the range 35 to 200 MeV is hard, consistent with cosmic ray interactions with interstellar matter, including neutral pions decay and emission from energetic electron interactions. The data is consistent with an interpretation in terms of the confinement of the cosmic rays in the spiral arms.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ESRO The Context and Status of Gamma Ray Astronomy; p 201-204
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    SAS 2 observations of the earth albedo gamma radiation above 35 MeV (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The earth albedo gamma radiation above 35 MeV in the equatorial region is investigated using observations from the second Small Astronomy Satellite. The zenith angle distribution of the gamma radiation has a peak toward the horizon which is about an order of magnitude more intense than the radiation coming from the nadir, and nearly two orders of magnitude more intense than the gamma radiation from most parts of the sky. The gamma radiation originating from the western horizon is a factor of four more intense than the radiation from the eastern horizon and a factor of three more intense than that from the northern and southern directions. This reflects the geomagnetic effects on the incident cosmic rays whose interactions produce the albedo gamma rays. The variation of the upcoming gamma ray intensity with vertical cutoff rigidity is consistent with the empirical relationship found by Gur'yan et al. (1979).
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; Mar. 1
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  • 3
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    Space station (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The Space Station is being defined as a multi-purpose facility with emphasis in the following areas: scientific and technology research laboratory; permanent observatory; spacecraft servicing facility; construction and assembly facility; manufacturing facility; transportation node; and staging base for future space endeavors. The Station complex, in its initial operating capability configuration, includes a continuously habitable manned element, a polar orbiting unmanned platform, and a second unmanned platform co-orbiting with the manned element. All elements are dependent on the Space Transportation System (STS) for initial placement on-orbit and for subsequent logistical services. The manned element will be designed for long duration operations with systems maintainable on-orbit and operationally autonomous from ground control. A major feature of the Station will be its adaptability to evolutionary technology upgrades; and the Space Station, as a system, is to be designed for maximum ease of use by its users.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst. IN Trajectory Determination and Collection of Micrometeoroids on the Space Station; p 83-84
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  • 4
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    Active vehicle charging measurements in sounding rocket and space shuttle orbiter environments at Low Earth Orbit (LEO) altitude (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: It was concluded that for electron beam emission up to 100mA, vehicle charging is not a significant problem with the Space Shuttle Orbiter. Similarly, sounding rocket payloads have no serious charging problems up to this level of beam current, provided that the maximum amount of the rocket skin is available to collect ionospheric electrons from the LEO altitude range. However, sounding rockets are marginal in their collecting area capability and other effects may occur to balance the beam current when operated at lower altitudes during the night.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: AGARD, The Aerospace Environment at High Altitudes and its Implications for Spacecraft Charging and Communications; 16 p
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  • 5
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    Balloon-borne scanning spectrometer system for atmospheric extinction studies in the 350-1100 nm spectral region (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A scanning spectrometer system which is capable of being flown in high-altitude balloon studies of the earth's atmosphere is presented. The instrument is small, has a large operative wavelength range of 350-1100 nm, high data density, and real-time data telemetry to ground. A computer software package is used to provide a real-time monitor of balloon gondola and instrument performance, with the software reliability enhanced by proof of correctness techniques and exhibiting the high degree of reliability necessary for the monitoring system.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 53; Mar. 198
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  • 6
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    Identification and mapping of coal refuse banks and other targets in the anthracite region (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: ERTS-1 MSS data covering parts of Pennsylvania's southern and eastern middle anthracite coal fields were studied to determine how well accumulations of coal refuse could be identified and mapped by computer analysis and processing. Spectral signatures of coal refuse targets were similar to water, but had higher reflectances in all channels. Relative reflectances were in the order 4 5 or = 6 7. Although no underflight photography was at hand to judge mapping success, correlation was made, with 1:24,000 scale U.S.G.S. maps dated 1947 and 1948. Coal refuse targets correlated well with existing maps.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: PAPER-L24 , NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Symp. on Significant Results obtained from the ERTS-1, Vol. 1, Sect. A and B; p 1067-1074
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  • 7
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    Recent observations of high voltage spacecraft-environment interaction at LEO altitudes using sounding rockets (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The paper addresses the subject of the interaction of positively and negatively charged bodies with the terrestrial ionosphere at low earth orbit altitudes. Data from two recent sounding rocket flights are used to establish that the current collected by exposed conductors biassed positively at up to 45kV relative to the ionospheric plasma generally follow predictions which account for strong control of electron flow by the geomagnetic field. If the biased structure is in the vicinity of disturbing influences such as an emitted charged particle beam, or locally enhanced gas pressure, then large deviations from the space-charge-limited return currents occur.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: AIAA PAPER 90-0635
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  • 8
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    Gravity gradient preliminary investigations on exhibit ''A'' Final report (1969)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Quartz microbalance gravity gradiometer performance tests
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-101867 , GO-REPT-9
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  • 9
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    IR excitation of contaminant water by oxygen for the space shuttle at low Earth orbit altitude (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: As the water outgas of a space shuttle passes through the rarefied atmosphere at orbital altitude, collisions occur between the gases with sufficient energy to excite infrared-active water molecules to various vibrational and rotational states. An infrared contaminant model (IR model) has been developed to study the shuttle-induced excitation and emission of water molecules outgassed from the space shuttle. The focus of the first application of the model is translation-to-vibration (T-V) energy transfer since estimates suggest that this process should dominate the production of vibrationally excited H2O under typical low Earth orbit conditions. Using the velocity and position distribution functions of interacting neutral gases obtained from a neutral gases interaction model, the spatial distributions of excitation and IR radiation from contaminant water are computed, and typical results are presented. Infrared spectral data (450 - 2500/cm), measured by the Cryogenic Infrared Radiance Instrumentation for Shuttle (CIRRIS-1A) sensor on STS-39 (April 28 to May 6, 1991) at an altitude near 265 km, are used to test model predictions. The dependence of the radiant emission structure and brightness on outgassing rates and altitudes is discussed. The time history of the contaminant water outgassing rate is inferred for STS-39, and it is compared with the mass-spectrometer-based results for STS-4 (June 26 to July 4, 1982). Also, estimates of H2O column density at mission elapsed time (MET) 50 hours are compared for missions STS-2, STS-3, STS-4, and STS-39.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 99; A10; p. 19,585-19,596
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  • 10
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    Identification and Mapping of Coal Refuse Banks and Other Targets in the Anthracite Region (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Identification and mapping of coal refuse banks and other targets in anthracite region of Pennsylvania
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: E73-10222 , PAPER-L24 , NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Land Use and Mapping; p 117
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