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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of eight coumarins occurring with psoralen, xanthotoxin, and bergapten on leaf surfaces (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 1859-1870 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Furanocoumarins ; coumarins ; mass spectrometry ; leaf surface
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Surface extracts of the leaves of five species in the Umbelliferae,Citrus limon (Rutaceae), andPsoralea bituminosa (Leguminosae) were examined for the presence of coumarins, after a previous study had shown the presence of three psoralens. In the current investigation eight more coumarins were identified by mass spectrometric techniques: the simple coumarins scopoletin, scoparone, and osthol, the linear furanocoumarins imperatorin and phellopterin, the angular furanocoumarins angelicin and pimpinellin, and the pyranocoumarin seselin. Five of these occur inApium graveolens, and scopoletin, scoparone, and imperatorin were each found in three of the species examined. The co-occurrence of all these coumarins on the surface may be significant in communication between the plant and its environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00993733
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dermatitis-inducing furanocoumarins on leaf surfaces of eight species of Rutaceous and Umbelliferous plants (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 693-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Furanocoumarins ; plant surface ; dermatitis ; Rutaceae ; Umbelliferae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Eight species of Rutaceae or Umbelliferae, known to cause or suspected of causing photophytodermatitis, had the linear furanocoumarins psoralen, bergapten, and xanthotoxin on their leaf surfaces, in concentrations varying from 0.014 to 1800 /gmg/g fresh weight, equivalent to 0.17–56% of the total leaf concentration. The higher percentage generally observed for spring leaves compared to autumn leaves suggests a higher rate of transfer of these furanocoumarins to the surface in the younger leaves. Among the plants studied,Ruta graveolens had the highest surface concentrations of all three furanocoumarins. The relatively high effectiveness in causing dermatitis of some species with low surface concentrations may be explained by a more effective mechanism of transfer of the furanocoumarins to the skin. A role in the defense of the plant is suggested by their accumulation on the plant surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01016480
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal changes of furanocoumarin concentrations in leaves ofHeracleum lanatum (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1623-1634 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Furanocoumarins ; Heracleum lanatum ; leaf surface
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Concentrations of three dermatitis-inducing furanocoumarins— xanthotoxin, bergapten and psoralen—were measured in whole leaves ofHeracleum lanatum and in extracts of the leaf surface over an entire vegetative season. The concentrations of surface furanocoumarins, localized by extraction involving brief dipping in almost-boiling water followed by HPLC quantitative analysis, increased until the middle of May and decreased until maturity. The concentration on autumn leaves (new growth) was 20–100 times as high as the ones in May, or those of similar size in April. Furanocoumarin concentrations in the whole leaf at different stages of leaf development varied, being the highest April 25, then decreasing sharply with rapid leaf enlargement. Again, in the small autumn leaves the coumarin concentration was two to three times that in April. Seasonal changes in surface furanocoumarins may be important in that these compounds are postulated to form the first defense barrier of the plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014095
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of low-intensity ultraviolet radiation on extrusion of furanocoumarins to the leaf surface (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 939-952 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Furanocoumarins ; psoralens ; Ruta graveolens ; ultraviolet radiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Exposure ofRuta graveolens leaves to low intensity 366-nm radiation led to a ca. 20% increase in concentrations of the furanocoumarins psoralen, xanthotoxin and bergapten, as compared to leaves kept in darkness. Both direct and, even more, scattered UV radiation produced increases in total concentrations. Changes in the concentrations of individual coumarins were generally parallel. Extrusion to the surface was increased, especially in lower, older leaves exposed to the scattered radiation, where it exceeded the control by factors of eight or nine. It is suggested that this response could enhance shielding of leaves against penetration of UV into the cells and that irradiation, by exciting the furanocoumarins, could augment protection against potential microbial invaders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00992529
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