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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of water distribution from a branch to distributary canals: A case study of Gugera Branch, Punjab, Pakistan (1991)
    Springer
    Irrigation and drainage systems 5 (1991), S. 229-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0654
    Keywords: gate operation ; irrigation management ; Pakistan ; water distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This study was conducted on Gugera Branch of Lower Chenab Canal, Punjab, Pakistan. Sample distributaries off taking from Gugera Branch were selected for the study. The existing conditions of water distribution among the distributaries were studied. Field data were collected during the whole of 1988. Field observations suggested that the variability at the head of distributaries is much greater than the variability in the Gugera Branch under existing operational practices. The distribution of water among the distributaries is rarely in accordance with design criteria. Some channels get priority over other channels. The annual closure period varied from 17 to 41 days for different channels. The discharge at the head of distributaries remained lower than the standard operational range for 69 to 183 days in a year. The data suggested that a regulating gate at the head of the distributary can reduce discharge variation up to 2.4 times compared with a ‘Karrees System’ (wooden stop logs used for water regulation). The data indicated that the adjustments in the head gate of a distributary on daily basis can substantially improve discharge conditions at the head of distributary. Rotational schedules are not being followed as per design and need to be improved. Most of the existing head discharge relationships of discharge measuring structures are not reliable. A frequent calibration of these structures is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01112501
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using a hydraulic model to prioritize secondary canal maintenance inputs: results from Punjab, Pakistan (1996)
    Springer
    Irrigation and drainage systems 10 (1996), S. 377-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0654
    Keywords: canal maintenance ; decision support ; desilting ; hydraulic model ; irrigation management ; Pakistan ; Punjab
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A computer-based hydraulic model,RAJBAH, was used to assess the utility of such models to assist and support canal system managers in planning and targeting maintenance activities on secondary canals. The work was conducted on Lagar distributary, a secondary channel off-taking from Upper Gugera Branch canal, Lower Chenab Canal system, Punjab, Pakistan. Measured discharges of off-takes and water levels along the distributary for premaintenance and post-maintenance periods were obtained. These data were used to assess the impact of actual maintenance inputs at specific locations identified in a model application in 1989. The predicted results of the model were satisfactorily close to conditions measured in the field. The study confirmed that suitably calibrated hydraulic simulation models can be effectively used in a decision support planning capacity to target and prioritize maintenance inputs for secondary canals in the irrigation systems of Pakistan's Punjab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01104901
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Equity of water distribution along secondary canals in Punjab, Pakistan (1992)
    Springer
    Irrigation and drainage systems 6 (1992), S. 161-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0654
    Keywords: canal operations ; equity ; Pakistan ; secondary canals ; water distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Equity in the distribution of irrigation water has long been an operational objective for the management of the large canal systems in the north and west of the Indian subcontinent. How well that operational objective continues to be met is the central concern of the research reported in this paper. Detailed studies of canal operations were conducted on three distributaries in the Lower Chenab Canal system in Punjab Province, Pakistan. Mananwala and Lagar Distributaries off-take in the head reach of the Gugera Branch Canal and Pir Mahal Distributary is at the very tail of this Branch. Flow conditions for these distributaries and of selected outlets served by each were measured daily throughout 1988, and data were converted to discharges. These field observations show that discharge variation at the head of distributaries greatly exceeds the original design criteria. The data also indicate that two design assumptions for outlets are no longer valid: continuous full supply water level in the distributary and outlet modular flow conditions. Field measurements confirm that the distribution of surface water among the outlets of all three distributaries is substantially inequitable. Outlets in the channels' head reaches commonly draw 3 to 6 times greater share of total supplies than do tail outlets. Although all three selected distributaries are perennial canals, some outlets remained dry for up to 90% of the total operational days in a year. Finally, evaluation of field data also shows that better operational procedures at the distributary level can substantially improve water supply conditions in the tail reaches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01102975
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  • 4
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    Textural and compositional variations in beach sands along Karachi coast (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/16078 | 12051 | 2015-01-26 10:21:13 | 16078 | University of Karachi. Marine Reference Collection Centre
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: The texture of clastic sediments is a fairly reliable index of the erosional history and energy conditions of the depositional environment, while its mineralogy reflects the composition of the source rocks. The beach sands of Clifton, Sandspit, Hawkesbay and Paradise Point were studied to determine their erosional history, depositional environment and their source
    Keywords: Earth Sciences ; sedimentology ; beach sand ; Karachi ; Pakistan
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 87-93
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  • 5
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    Short communication: First report of cyclopoid copepods (Oithonidae) from north-eastern Arabian Sea, Karachi, Pakistan (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23145 | 18721 | 2018-06-18 20:15:18 | 23145 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Among marine communities, the importance of small species has been neglected and major attention has been paid to the larger representatives. Small copepods are now assigned as a significant component within marine food webs. Their ecological habitat comprises estuarine, pelagic and coastal environments. Oithona plays a vital role as a food source for other copepods, Chaetognaths, fish larvae and planktivorous fishes. ... Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the species composition of the genus Oithona previously not known from the coastal waters of Pakistan.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Zooplanktons ; Copepods ; Cyclopoids ; Oithona ; Arabian Sea ; Mangrove forests ; Pakistan
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 1114-1122
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  • 6
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    Meristic variations and skeletal deformities in natural population of mahseer fish, Tor putitora (Hamilton, 1822) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23184 | 18721 | 2018-06-19 18:16:36 | 23184 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Skeletal deformities seriously relegate the biological performance of fish. The frequency of occurrence of different types of meristic variations and skeletal deformities were seen in the population of mahseer fish, Tor putitora, in two main reservoirs; Korang Stream, Islamabad and Dhobi Ghat Stream, Hassan Abdal. A total of ninety-five fish were caught randomly, forty-five from the unpolluted Korang Stream and fifty from the polluted Dhobi Ghat Stream by cast nets from February to July, 2009. Radiographs and dry skeletal preparation techniques were used to record meristic variations and skeletal deformities and describe various types and frequency of appearance. Deformities were studied under categories, Highest Frequency of Occurrence (HFO), Normal Frequency of Occurrence (NFO) and Lowest Frequency of Occurrence (LFO). In the deformed fishes, significant (p〈0.001) anomaly was noticed in nineteenth to twenty second and forty one to forty third (p〈0.05) vertebrae of the vertebral column. Deformities scoliosis (C2, 5.26%), platyspondyly (C5, 11.27%), and abnormal neural spine (TC25, 13.53) appeared to affect 70%, 60% and 50% of the deformed individuals respectively. This study concluded that skeleton deformities in T. putitora population in the laundry waste water of Dhobi Ghat Stream have relevance with detergent waste, as a possible causative agent.
    Keywords: Biology ; Environment ; Pollution ; Meristic variations ; Skeleton ; Deformities ; Tor putitora ; Pakistan
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 208-216
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  • 7
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    Effect of different salinity level on spawning, fertilization, hatching and survival of common carp, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) in semi-artificial environment (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26005 | 18721 | 2018-10-19 18:22:48 | 26005 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The effects of various salinity levels among (0‰, 5‰, 10‰, 15‰, and 20‰) for successful breeding of common carp, Cyprinus carpio were investigated. The duration of study was 75 days. Ripe broodstock (30) having a mean weight (male 1027±2.4g and female 1084.8±23g) were selected and stocked into spawning tanks (2000 L). The ratio among male and female was 2:1. They were fed with commercial floating pelleted feed having 35% crude protein with 2% body weight twice a day. Broodstock were injected with ovaprim hormone 0.5 mg kg^-1 female and male 0.2 mg kg^-1 respectively, after successful spawning broodstock were removed from spawning tanks. The results showed that the highest fecundity, fertility, hatchability and survival of fry were obtained on salinity of 0‰ to 10‰ and significantly decreased on 15‰ and 20‰. The eggs per gram body weight were also recorded in all treatments and highest eggs were obtained, i.e. 45-60 per female on salinity of 0‰-10‰. Water temperature (22.4±0.2°C), dissolved oxygen (6.5±0.2 mg L^-1), pH (7.2±0.2) and ammonia (less than 0.03±0.06 mg L^-1) were monitored throughout the study period. Water quality parameters remained within the recommended range. Our results suggest that common carp, C. carpio may give maximum eggs up to 10 ‰ salinity with 81% survival of the fry.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Pakistan ; Common carp ; Breeding ; Ovaprim ; Salinity ; Semi-natural ; Spawning ; Fertilization ; Hatching ; Survival ; Cyprinus carpio
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 790-804
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  • 8
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    A checklist of molluscans inhabiting Bandri Beach along the Jiwani coast, Balochistan, Pakistan (2021)
    In:  pjms_ku@yahoo.com | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26622 | 25017 | 2019-06-05 06:23:29 | 26622 | University of Karachi. Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Main object of the study was to record the composition and diversity of intertidal molluscan species of the Bandri Beach along the Jiwani coast, Balochistan to develop baseline data information which could be helpful in future conservation perspective. The study revealed the presence of ninety eight (98) species comprising of sixty eight (68) gastropods, twenty six (26) bivalves, two (2) scaphopods, one (1) Polyplacophora and one (1) Cephalopod species at two selected points of the Bandri Beach, Jiwani coast. Among these molluscan species, members of cerithids, trochid Umbonium vestairium, bivalve Branchidontes variabilis and oyster Crassostrea madrasensis were found in abundance. Study presents the first report on the occurrence of molluscan species in the area.
    Keywords: Biology ; Molluscs ; checklist ; Bandri Beach ; Jiwani ; Balochistan coast ; Pakistan
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 61-71
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  • 9
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    Short communication: Current fishery status of ribbonfish Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758) (Trichiuridae) from Makran coast (northeast Arabian Sea) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23119 | 18721 | 2018-06-18 16:50:59 | 23119 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: Ribbonfishes are typical inmates of pelagic waters of the world oceans and it is a cosmopolitan species (Parin, 1968., 1988; Nakamura and Parin, 1993). It is a slim, commercially important marine species of Pakistan. Ribbonfish are spread in the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic areas as well as throughout the Indian coast with plenty in the northwest and central east coasts (Nair and Prakasan, 2003). They belong to the family Trichiuridae and are represented in Pakistani waters by two species namely, Trichiurus lepturus, and Lepturacanthus savala .These species are found all over the year but the abundant species in Pakistan is T. lepturus (Bianchi, 1985).
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Length-weight relationship ; Ribbon fish ; Fishery ; northeast Arabian Sea ; Pakistan
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 815-821
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  • 10
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    Effects of detuning on tunneling and traversal of ultracold atoms through vacuum-induced potentials (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-01
    Description: Author(s): Fazal Badshah, Muhammad Irfan, Sajid Qamar, and Shahid Qamar In this paper, we study the tunneling and traversal of ultracold two-level atoms through the potential induced by the vacuum cavity mode. In particular, we discuss the effects of off-resonant interaction between the cavity mode and atomic transition on tunneling time of the ultracold atoms through a... [Phys. Rev. A 87, 012132] Published Thu Jan 31, 2013
    Keywords: Fundamental concepts
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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