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  • THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION  (5)
  • Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics  (3)
  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (2)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-05-30
    Description: Flat plate thermal radiation shields
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-52238
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The massive eruption at 40 deg. N (planetographic latitude) on Saturn in 2010 December has produced significant and lasting effects in the northern hemisphere on temperature and species abundances. The northern storm region was observed on many occasions in 2011 by Cassini's Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS). In 2011 May, temperatures in the stratosphere greater than 200 K were derived from CIRS spectra in the regions referred to as "beacons" (warm regions in the stratosphere). Ethylene has been detected in the beacon region in Saturn's northern storm region using CIRS. Ground-based observations using the high-resolution spectrometer Celeste on the McMath-Pierce Telescope on 2011 May 15 were used to confirm the detection and improve the altitude resolution in the retrieved profile. The derived ethylene profile from the CIRS data gives a C2H4 mole fraction of 5.9 +/- 4.5 x 10(exp -7) at 0.5 mbar, and from Celeste data it gives 2.7 +/- 0.45 x 10(exp -6) at 0.1 mbar. This is two orders of magnitude higher than the amount measured in the ultraviolet at other latitudes prior to the storm. It is also much higher than predicted by photochemical models, indicating that perhaps another production mechanism is required or a loss mechanism is being inhibited.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN6335
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Review of the major results of an analytical and experimental program aimed at determining the potential effectiveness of shadow shields in minimizing radiant heat transfer into cryogenic propellant tanks on long-duration interplanetary missions, taking into account the thermal interaction between shields and their support structures. Analytical procedures are developed and applied that include the strut-shield interaction in predicting shadow shield performance. The results of experimental studies of the effects of configuration variables on the performance of a scale model of a shadow shield system are presented. The experimental results are used to verify the validity of analytical predictions. The results obtained show that: (1) shadow shields can be effective in reducing the heat transfer into cryogenic propellant tanks, and (2) the conductive heat transfer through supports can be reduced by selective surface coatings.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Cryogenic Engineering Conference; Aug 09, 1972 - Aug 11, 1972; Boulder, CO
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Thermal analysis of shadow shields and structural members in space environment
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-TN-D-4876
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The thermal performance of shadow shields, and their support struts, for the thermal protection of cryogenic propellants in a simulated deep-space environment was investigated analytically and experimentally. Very low overall heat-transfer rates were obtained when highly reflective aluminized Mylar shadow shields were used. The thermal interactions between the shields and support struts were investigated with fair to good agreement between the analysis and experimental data. The exterior surface of both fiberglass and titanium struts was coated to reduce the heat input into the test tank. The vacuum level inside the test facility strongly influenced the heat-transfer rates.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7612 , E-7344
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The proposed paper compares predicted turbine vane heat transfer for a rough surface over a wide range of test conditions with experimental data. Predictions were made for the entire vane surface. However, measurements were made only over the suction surface of the vane, and the leading edge region of the pressure surface. Comparisons are shown for a wide range of test conditions. Inlet pressures varied between 3 and 15 psia, and exit Mach numbers ranged between 0.3 and 0.9. Thus, while a single roughened vane was used for the tests, the effective rougness,(k(sup +)), varied by more than a factor of ten. Results were obtained for freestream turbulence levels of 1 and 10%. Heat transfer predictions were obtained using the Navier-Stokes computer code RVCQ3D. Two turbulence models, suitable for rough surface analysis, are incorporated in this code. The Cebeci-Chang roughness model is part of the algebraic turbulence model. The k-omega turbulence model accounts for the effect of roughness in the application of the boundary condition. Roughness causes turbulent flow over the vane surface. Even after accounting for transition, surface roughness significantly increased heat transfer compared to a smooth surface. The k-omega results agreed better with the data than the Cebeci-Chang model. However, the low Reynolds number k-omega model did not accurately account for roughness when the freestream turbulence level was low. The high Reynolds number version of this model was more suitable when the freestream turbulence was low.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NASA/TM-2000-210219 , E-12338 , NAS 1.15:210219 , ASME-2000-GT-0217 , International Gas and Turbine and Aeroengine Technical Congress; May 05, 2000 - May 08, 2000; Munich; Germany
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Turbine vane heat transfer distributions obtained using an infrared camera technique are described. Infrared thermography was used because noncontact surface temperature measurements were desired. Surface temperatures were 80 C or less. Tests were conducted in a three vane linear cascade, with inlet pressures between 0.14 and 1.02 atm., and exit Mach numbers of 0.3, 0.7, and 0.9, for turbulence intensities of approximately 1 and 10%. Measurements were taken on the vane suction side, and on the pressure side leading edge region. The designs for both the vane and test facility are discussed. The approach used to account for conduction within the vane is described. Midspan heat transfer distributions are given for the range of test conditions.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NASA/TM-2000-210220 , NAS 1.15:210220 , E-12339 , ASME-2000-GT-0216 , 45th International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Technical Congress; May 08, 2000 - May 11, 2000; Munich; Germany
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Experimental tests were performed on a model shadow shield thermal protection system to examine the effect of certain configuration variables. The experimental results were used to verify the ability of an analytical program to predict the shadow shield performance including the shield-support interaction. In general, the analysis (assuming diffuse surfaces) agreed well with the experimental support temperature profiles. The agreement for the shield profiles was not as good. The results demonstrated: (1) shadow shields can be effective in reducing the heat transfer into cryogenic propellant tanks, and (2) the conductive heat transfer through supports can be reduced by selective surface coatings.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-68099 , E-7023 , Cryog. Eng. Conf.; Aug 09, 1972 - Aug 11, 1972; Boulder, CO; United States
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An approach to predicting turbine blade heat transfer when turbulent flow relaminarizes due to strong favorable pressure gradients is described. Relaminarization is more likely to occur on the pressure side of a rotor blade. While stators also have strong favorable pressure gradients, the pressure surface is less likely to become turbulent at low to moderate Reynolds numbers. Accounting for the effects of relaminarization for blade heat transfer can substantially reduce the predicted rotor surface heat transfer. This in turn can lead to reduced rotor cooling requirements. Two-dimensional midspan Navier-Stokes analyses were done for each of eighteen test cases using eleven different turbulence models. Results showed that including relaminarization effects generally improved the agreement with experimental data. The results of this work indicate that relatively small changes in rotor shape can be utilized to extend the likelihood of relaminarization to high Reynolds numbers. Predictions showing how rotor blade heat transfer at a high Reynolds number can be reduced through relaminarization are given.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NASA/TM-2001-210978 , NAS 1.15:210978 , E-12832 , Rept-2001-GT-0162 , 2001 Turbo Expo; Jun 04, 2001 - Jun 07, 2001; New Orleans, LA; United States
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: As the .main destination of carbon in the destruction of methane in the atmosphere of Titan, ethane provides information about the carbon isotopic composition of the reservoir from which methane is replenished. If the amount of methane entering the atmosphere is presently equal to the amount converted to ethane, the 12C/13C ratio in ethane should be close to the ratio in the reservoir. We have measured the 12C/13C ratio in ethane both with Cassini CIRS(exp 1) and from the ground and find that it is very close to the telluric standard and outer planet values (89), consistent with a primordial origin for the methane reservoir. The lower 12C/13C ratio measured for methane by Huygens GCMS (82.3) can be explained if the conversion of CH4 to CH3 (and C2H6) favors 12C over 13C with a carbon kinetic isotope effect of 1.08. The time required for the atmospheric methane to reach equilibrium, i.e., for replenishment to equal destruction, is approximately 5 methane atmospheric lifetimes.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: 09-RC-219-AAS-DPS , 41st Annual Meeting of the AAS Division for Planetary Sciences; Oct 04, 2009 - Oct 09, 2009; Fajardo; Puerto Rico
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