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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple paternity in meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus): investigating the role of the female (1999)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 45 (1999), S. 283-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words Sexual selection ; Female choice ; Microtus pennsylvanicus ; Multiple paternity ; Meadow vole
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Multiple paternity in single litters conceived in the wild was recently demonstrated in meadow voles (Microtuspennsylvanicus). In this study, we used an experimental approach (males tethered and females allowed to mate freely with one or several males) to investigate the role of female meadow voles in multiple paternity. We found that among 29 (of 39) females that copulated during our experiment, 79.3% chose to mate with more than one male. Female behavior in meadow voles thus clearly promotes multiple paternity and their role is an active one. Some of the hypotheses explaining promiscuity in meadow voles should be reconsidered in light of this result. We do not know the primary determinant of female mate choice, but male body mass played a secondary role in driving female preferences. The partial dependence between male body mass and female choice, coupled with the active role played by females, indicates that intersexual selection has the potential for reinforcing the effects of intrasexual selection (male-male dominance relationships) in this species. Finally, we demonstrate that the time period over which tests are conducted is an important part of the design of experiments aimed at understanding the role of females in multiple paternity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050563
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Branch-cutting behavior by the vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 735-741 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Meadow vole ; Microtus pennsylvanicus ; plant-animal interaction ; conifers ; phenolics ; tannins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract While investigating the preferences of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) toward various coniferous species, we noted they often cut the branches of young trees, and then left them lying on the snow for two days or more before eating them completely. We tested whether this “behavioral manipulation” of a potential food resource resulted in a decrease in the level of secondary metabolites in branches. We found that after being cut for more than three days, the branches of young conifers had significantly less phenolics and condensed tannins. These postmanipulation levels of secondary metabolites were similar to those found in preferred summer food resources. Voles were thus capable of transforming a low-quality resource into one that was more compatible with their feeding patterns and detoxification mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01016484
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of phenolics of coniferous trees as deterrents against debarking behavior of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 801-808 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Voles ; Microtus pennsylvanicus ; phenolics ; conifers ; Picea ; Pinus ; deterrents ; food choice ; preference by rank
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Preferences of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) toward various coniferous species were tested under winter conditions. Cafeteria tests showed preferences for Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Norway pine (Pinus resinosa) and rejection of white pine (Pinus strobus) and white spruce (Picea glauca). When phenolic extracts of these species were prepared and added to a low 8% protein diet, food intake of voles and preferences by rank followed the same patterns. Determination of the concentration of phenolics in branch samples using the Singleton and Rossi procedure showed that Norway pines contained the smallest amount (2.15%/g dry matter) while spruces yielded the most (2.76%/g dry matter). These experiments lead us to expect high losses of Norway pine and Norway spruce in habitats harboring high vole densities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01016490
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preference of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) for conifer seedlings: Chemical components and nutritional quality of bark of damaged and undamaged trees (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2569-2579 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Picea ; Pinus ; meadow voles ; Microtus pennsylvanicus ; selection ; monoterpenes ; phenolics ; protein ; nonstructural carbohydrates ; plant defense
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus Ord.) of the 1987–1988 population density peak left several seedling plantations of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Norway pine (Pinus resinosa) severely damaged in southern Quebec, Canada, while white spruce (Picea glauca) and white pine (Pinus strobus) suffered no damage. We compared levels of crude protein, total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC), total phenols, and monoterpenes in the bark to detect differences between damaged and undamaged seedlings within and between plantations. There were no significant differences in levels of nutritional components between both types of seedlings within the same plantation. However, differences were noted among tree plantations for protein, TNC, and phenolics content but these differences could not be assigned to the voles' selection for particular species. Quantitative and qualitative differences also were registered in monoterpene levels between species. β-Myrcene and bornyl acetate were found only in seedlings of undamaged species. Moreover, the latter contained higher levels of limonene. We conclude that the presence of specific monoterpenes is more important in defense mechanisms of conifer seedlings than relative levels of nutrients (protein or TNC) or total phenolics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01017479
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