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  • 1
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    Simulation of flat-plate turbulent boundary layers in cryogenic tunnels (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The magnitudes of real-gas effects on flat-plate turbulent boundary layer simulations in a cryogenic nitrogen wind tunnel are investigated in order to determine the validity of the method used by Inger (1979) to estimate real-gas effects. Boundary layer solutions for real gases, ideal gases with a specific heat ratio of 1.6 and ideal diatomic gases (specific heat ratio 1.4) were obtained for the worst case conditions of maximum stagnation pressure (9 atm), minimum stagnation temperature (120 K) and Mach number of 1.2. Calculated boundary layer parameters such as friction coefficient and displacement thickness are shown to agree closely for the real gas and the ideal diatomic gas (specific heat ratio 1.4), while the ideal gas solution used by Inger is shown to differ from the real-gas values considerably. Results indicate that real-gas effects on a flat-plate turbulent boundary layer simulation in a cryogenic nitrogen tunnel are insignificant, and suggest the unlikelihood of the large real-gas effects reported by Inger for turbulent boundary layer shock interactions.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 17; Apr. 198
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Steady normal shock wave solution tables of parahydrogen for total temperatures from 30 K to 290 K and for total pressure from 1 ATM to 10 ATM (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The steady normal shock wave solutions of parahydrogen at various total pressures and total temperatures were numerically determined by iterating the upstream Mach number and by using a modified interval halving technique. The results obtained are compared with the ideal diatomic gas values and are presented in tabulated form.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA-TM-X-73899
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Simulation of ideal-gas flow by nitrogen and other selected gases at cryogenic temperatures (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The real gas behavior of nitrogen, the gas normally used in transonic cryogenic tunnels, is reported for the following flow processes: isentropic expansion, normal shocks, boundary layers, and interactions between shock waves and boundary layers. The only difference in predicted pressure ratio between nitrogen and an ideal gas which may limit the minimum operating temperature of transonic cryogenic wind tunnels occur at total pressures approaching 9 atm and total temperatures 10 K below the corresponding saturation temperature. These pressure differences approach 1 percent for both isentropic expansions and normal shocks. Alternative cryogenic test gases were also analyzed. Differences between air and an ideal diatomic gas are similar in magnitude to those for nitrogen and should present no difficulty. However, differences for helium and hydrogen are over an order of magnitude greater than those for nitrogen or air. It is concluded that helium and cryogenic hydrogen would not approximate the compressible flow of an ideal diatomic gas.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA-TP-1901 , L-14587
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Prandtl-Meyer flow tables for parahydrogen at total temperatures from 30K to 290K and for nitrogen at total temperatures from 100K to 300K at total pressures from 1 ATM to 10 ATM (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The dependency of Mach number on the Prandtl-Meyer function was numerically determined by iterating the Prandtl-Meyer function and applying the Muller method to converge on the Mach number for flows in cryogenic parahydrogen and nitrogen at various total pressures and total temperatures. The results are compared with the ideal diatomic gas values and are presented in tabular form.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA-TM-X-73932
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Tables of isentropic expansions of parahydrogen and related transport properties for total temperatures from 25 K to 300 K and for total pressures from 1 ATM to 10 ATM (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The isentropic expansions of parahydrogen at various total pressures and total temperatures were numerically determined by iterating Mach number and by using a modified interval halving method. The calculated isentropic values and related properties are presented in tabulated form.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA-TM-X-72826
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Real-gas effects associated with one-dimensional transonic flow of cryogenic nitrogen (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Real gas solutions for one-dimensional isentropic and normal-shock flows of nitrogen were obtained for a wide range of temperatures and pressures. These calculations are compared to ideal gas solutions and are presented in tables. For temperatures (300 K and below) and pressures (1 to 10 atm) that cover those anticipated for transonic cryogenic tunnels, the solutions are analyzed to obtain indications of the magnitude of inviscid flow simulation errors. For these ranges, the maximum deviation of the various isentropic and normal shock parameters from the ideal values is about 1 percent or less, and for most wind tunnel investigations this deviation would be insignificant.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA-TN-D-8274 , L-10810
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    A two phase Mach number description of the equilibrium flow of nitrogen in ducts (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Some additional thermodynamic properties of the usual two-phase form which is linear in the moisture fraction are derived which are useful in the analysis of many kinds of duct flow. The method used is based on knowledge of the vapor pressure and Gibbs function as functions of temperature. With these, additional two-phase functions linear in moisture fraction are generated, which ultimately reveal that the squared ratio of mixture specific volume to mixture sound speed depends on liquid mass fraction and temperature in the same manner as do many weighted mean two-phase properties. This leads to a simple method of calculating two-phase Mach numbers for various duct flows. The matching of one- and two-phase flows at a saturated vapor point with discontinuous Mach number is also discussed.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA PAPER 79-1051 , American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Thermophysics Conference; Jun 04, 1979 - Jun 06, 1979; Orlando, FL
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Power calculations for isentropic compressions of cryogenic nitrogen (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A theoretical analysis was made of the power required for isentropic compressions of cryogenic nitrogen in order to determine the extent to which the drive power for cryogenic tunnels might be affected by real-gas effects. The analysis covers temperatures from 80 to 310 K, pressures from 1.0 to 8.8 atm, and fan pressure ratios from 1.025 to 1.200. The power required to compress cryogenic nitrogen was found to be as much as 9.5 percent lower than that required to compress an ideal diatomic gas. Simple corrections to the ideal-gas values were found to give accurate estimates of the real-gas power values.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA-TN-D-8389 , L-11184
    Format: application/pdf
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