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  • FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER  (2)
  • LogDet transformation  (2)
  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Observations of the liquid/solid interface in low-gravity melting (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: Time-lapsed photography of the liquid/solid interface of a melting ice cylinder was taken on Skylab 3 over a period of three hours. The same experiment was simulated on earth such that morphological and thermodynamic differences could be noted. A study of the returned color film clearly shows the dominance of surface tension effects in low-gravity melting. In the Skylab experiment, the ends of the ice cylinder melted first with the water being driven by surface tension onto the cylindrical surfaces. At any time, the principle of minimum surface area governs the overall appearance of the water-ice globule which changed from a cylindrical to a spherical shape. The latent heat of melting in low-gravity is supplied only by radiation (81%) and conduction (19%); whereas in one-g, the convective (55%) and radiative (38%) mode of heat transfer dominates over the conductive portion (7%). Information is also provided on containerless melting and heat transfer in space in the absence of convective air currents.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA PAPER 74-1243
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Unknown
    The stability of liquid dispersions in low gravity (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The stability of three different dispersions of oil and water prepared on Skylab 4 is compared with the same dispersions made on earth. The stability of the emulsions has been studied by two independent optical techniques. An analysis of the data indicates that all the investigated emulsions were stable over a period of 10 hr, whereas the fluids separated completely on earth in 10 sec. This experiment indicates that the rate of coalescence in low gravity is at least 3 millionths times that on earth. A knowledge of the coalescence rate in low gravity is important in the solidification of immiscible alloys in space. The parameters obtained for this experiment are compared with those of liquid metals to determine if the same stability could be achieved with immiscible alloys.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA PAPER 74-1242
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of synonymous codon change for an amino acid of arbitrary degeneracy (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 41 (1995), S. 345-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Synonymous substitution rates ; Genome evolution ; LogDet transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of synonymous codon change and species divergence is described in a matrix formalism that is equally applicable to all levels of codon degeneracy and all levels of codon or nucleotide bias. Based on the formalism it is possible to calculate the sum of all the synonymous substitution rate constants from the observed sequence differences between two species. This sum, the relaxation rate, is equivalent to the LogDet transformation that has recently been proposed as a new measure of evolutionary distance (Lockhardt et al.Mol. Biol. Evol. 11(4): 605–612, 1994). The relationship between this measure and the average number of base changes per site (K) is discussed. The formalism is tested on some sets of simulated sequence divergence data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01215181
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of synonymous codon change for an amino acid of arbitrary degeneracy (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 41 (1995), S. 345-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Synonymous substitution rates ; Genome evolution ; LogDet transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of synonymous codon change and species divergence is described in a matrix formalism that is equally applicable to all levels of codon degeneracy and all levels of codon or nucleotide bias. Based on the formalism it is possible to calculate the sum of all the synonymous substitution rate constants from the observed sequence differences between two species. This sum, the relaxation rate, is equivalent to the LogDet transformation that has recently been proposed as a new measure of evolutionary distance (Lockhardt et al. Mol. Biol. Evol. 11(4): 605–612, 1994). The relationship between this measure and the average number of base changes per site (K) is discussed. The formalism is tested on some sets of simulated sequence divergence data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186546
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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