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  • Life Sciences (General)  (25)
  • FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER  (19)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (6)
  • ddc:330
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneous nucleation and growth of spherulites from a polycaprolactone (poly(1-oxy-6-oxohexamethylene)) melt (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 2483-2488 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wird über den Beginn einer Untersuchung zur Kristallisationskinetik von Polycaprolacton (Poly(1-oxy-6-oxohexamethylene) (1)) berichtet. Die primäre Keimbildung und das primäre Sphärolith-Wachstum aus der Polymerschmelze werden bei hinreichend hohen Temperaturen verfolgt, wodurch sichergestellt ist, daß das Wachstum der Kristallite durch Keimbildung bestimmt ist. Die kinetischen Daten werden weitgehend mit Hilfe des Avrami-Modells interpretiert, welches sich gut auf die Kristallisation von 1 anwenden ließ.
    Notes: A kinetic crystallization study of polycaprolactone (poly(1-oxy-6-oxohexamethylene) (1)) has been initiated to investigate the primary nucleation and primary spherulitic growth from a polymer melt at temperatures that are high enough to insure nucleation-limited crystallite growth. The analysis of the kinetic data is largely made on the basis of an Avrami model which proved to be well suited for the interpretation of the crystallization of 1.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1974.021750821
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of relative modulus in filled polymer systems (1969)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 7 (1969), S. 1705-1719 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The temperature dependence of relative modulus observed in filled thermoset, thermoplastic, and polyelectrolyte salt matrices is explained on the basis of induced stresses produced by the differences in the thermal expansion coefficients of the constituent materials. The analysis is based on the assumption that the modulus of the matrix in a filled polymer is less than that of the unfilled polymer. The temperature dependence of relative modulus is expressed as a function of the difference in thermal expansion coefficients, the volume fraction, the relative modulus in the unstressed state, and mechanical properties of the phases. Agreement is good between the analysis and experimental results for three systems: epoxy and glass, polyethylene and wollastonite, and a polyelectrolyte salt with mica and asbestos.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1969.160071007
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new technique for preparing monodisperse polymer particles (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 1783-1788 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A procedure is described for preparing fairly uniform spheres of three different nylon polymers by phase separation. The mean diameter and polydisperse index were 5 μm and 1.056 for Griltex nylon, 5.7 μm and 1.046 for nylon 6/6, and 12.9 μm and 1.016 for nylon 6. The phase separation is done by taking a 1 wt % solution in a theta solvent above the theta temperature and cooling it rapidly. The spheres of the three nylons have various degrees of roughness. Formation of highly uniform particles during phase separation is discussed in a preliminary way. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070451012
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new approach to chemical characterization of polymer surfaces (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 291-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The “three-liquid” contact angle procedure of Good et al. was applied to polymer films of varying Lewis acidic and basic nature to test the procedure. Surface energy parameters with the units of mJ/m2 are determined for the surfaces. These are γLWs (Lifshitz-van der Waals or apolar), γ+s (acidic), and γ-s (basic). Very little has yet been published on this new method, and this study found it to be promising. More research on the procedure is warranted. The study included films of basic polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and predominately acidic chlorinated polyvinylchloride (CPVC) and polyvinylfluoride (PVF) as well as the series: polyethylene (PE) and PE copolymerized with 1.8% and 7.0% acrylic acid. In some of the experiments receding contact angles were measured, and the surface energy parameters determined in order to cast more light on the mechanism of contact angle hysteresis. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070580208
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations of polyethylene forming on large TiCl3 crystals (1965)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 3 (1965), S. 2400-2400 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1965.100030630
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal Decomposition of Energetic Materials 56. On the fast thermolysis mechanism of ammonium nitrate and its mixtures with mangnesium and carbon (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 17 (1992), S. 99-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fast thermolysis studies of ammonium nitrate (AN) and its mixtures with magnesium and activated charcoal have been carried out by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy/temperature profiling technique. When subjected to rapid heating (ca. 80°C/s), AN Sublimes/decomposes around 300°. Sublimation dominates at ambient pressures. The IR-active products of decomposition are NH3, NO2, N2O and H2O. Reaction schemes accounting for the products are proposed which involve proton transfer leading to NH3 by the decomposition products of HNO3. The decomposition of AN is significantly enhanced when AN is mixed with magnesium powder or charcoal, and occurs at as low a temperature as 135°C. Whereas NH3 is the major product of decomposition of AN—Mg mixtures, no NH3 is observed from AN—C mixtures. The results are explained by the reaction of HNO3 and NH3 with Mg or C.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19920170302
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  • 7
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    Laboratory multiple-crystal X-ray topography and reciprocal-space mapping of protein crystals: influence of impurities on crystal perfection (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Double-axis multiple-crystal X-ray topography, rocking-curve measurements and triple-axis reciprocal-space mapping have been combined to characterize protein crystals using a laboratory source. Crystals of lysozyme and lysozyme crystals doped with acetylated lysozyme impurities were examined. It was shown that the incorporation of acetylated lysozyme into crystals of lysozyme induces mosaic domains that are responsible for the broadening and/or splitting of rocking curves and diffraction-space maps along the direction normal to the reciprocal-lattice vector, while the overall elastic lattice strain of the impurity-doped crystals does not appear to be appreciable in high angular resolution reciprocal-space maps. Multiple-crystal monochromatic X-ray topography, which is highly sensitive to lattice distortions, was used to reveal the spatial distribution of mosaic domains in crystals which correlates with the diffraction features in reciprocal space. Discussions of the influence of acetylated lysozyme on crystal perfection are given in terms of our observations.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography (ISSN 0907-4449); Volume 57; Pt 6; 840-6
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Diffraction and imaging study of imperfections of crystallized lysozyme with coherent X-rays (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Phase-contrast X-ray diffraction imaging and high-angular-resolution diffraction combined with phase-contrast radiographic imaging were employed to characterize defects and perfection of a uniformly grown tetragonal lysozyme crystal in the symmetric Laue case. The full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of a 4 4 0 rocking curve measured from the original crystal was approximately 16.7 arcsec and imperfections including line defects, inclusions and other microdefects were observed in the diffraction images of the crystal. The observed line defects carry distinct dislocation features running approximately along the 〈1 1 0〉 growth front and have been found to originate mostly in a central growth area and occasionally in outer growth regions. Inclusions of impurities or formations of foreign particles in the central growth region are resolved in the images with high sensitivity to defects. Slow dehydration led to the broadening of a fairly symmetric 4 4 0 rocking curve by a factor of approximately 2.6, which was primarily attributed to the dehydration-induced microscopic effects that are clearly shown in X-ray diffraction images. The details of the observed defects and the significant change in the revealed microstructures with drying provide insight into the nature of imperfections, nucleation and growth, and the properties of protein crystals.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography (ISSN 0907-4449); Volume 60; Pt 4; 621-9
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  • 9
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    Phase sensitive x-ray diffraction imaging of defects in biological macromolecular crystals (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Conventional x-ray diffraction topography is currently used to map defects in the bulk of protein crystals, but the lack of sufficient contrast is frequently a limiting factor. We experimentally demonstrate that this barrier can be circumvented using a method that combines phase sensitive and diffraction imaging principles. Details of defects revealed in tetragonal lysozyme and cubic ferritin crystals are presented and discussed. The approach enabling the detection of the phase changes of diffracted x rays should prove to be useful in the study of defect structures in a broad range of biological macromolecular crystals.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Physical review letters (ISSN 0031-9007); Volume 87; 14; 148101
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Quality factors for alpha particles emitted in tissue (2002)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A concept of a mean or dose averaged quality factor was defined in ICRP Publication 26 using relationships for quality factor as a function of LET. The concept of radiation weighting factors, wR, was introduced in ICRP Publication 60 in 1990. These are meant to be generalized factors that modify absorbed dose to reflect the risk of stochastic effects as a function of the quality of the radiation incident on the body or emitted by radioactivity within the body. The values of wr are equal to 20 for all alpha particles externally or internally emitted. This note compares the dose averaged quality factor for alpha particles originating in tissue using the old and revised recommendations for quality factor as a function of LET. The dose averaged quality factor never exceeds 20 using the old recommendations and is never less than 20 with the revised recommendations.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Health physics (ISSN 0017-9078); Volume 82; 1; 102-4
    Format: text
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