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  • SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION  (3)
  • FLUID MECHANICS  (1)
  • PHYSICAL SCIENCES  (1)
  • SPACE SCIENCES (GENERAL)  (1)
  • 1
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    The thermal structure and dynamics of the atmosphere of Venus between 70 and 90 km from the Galileo-NIMS spectra (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: An analysis of thermal profiles and dynamics over a wide range of latitudes for the venusian atmosphere between 70 and 90 km is presented based on high spatial resolution infrared spectra of the night side obtained by the near infrared mapping spectrometer (NIMS) experiment during the Galileo-Venus encounter in February 1990. Using the 4.3-micrometer CO2 absorption band, the temperature profile is retrieved in the 75- to 91-km altitude region over a latitudinal range of -59 deg to +64 deg. Compared to earlier observations from the Pioneer Venus mission, the temperature at 91 km is about 10 K higher and between 74 and 83 km about 3.6 K colder. An equator to pole warming at constant pressure levels is found and implications for the zonal wind profiles are drawn under the assumption that the atmosphere is in cyclostrophic balance in the region of 70 to 90 km. The results are in correspondence with direct wind measurements from ground-based observations at 95 km and 105 km altitude.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 114; 2; p. 300-309
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Atmosphere and climate studies of Mars using the Mars Observer pressure modulator infrared radiometer (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Studies of the climate and atmosphere of Mars are limited at present by a lack of meteorological data having systematic global coverage with good horizontal and vertical resolution. The Mars Observer spacecraft in a low, nearly circular, polar orbit will provide an excellent platform for acquiring the data needed to advance significantly our understanding of the Martian atmosphere and its remarkable variability. The Mars Observer pressure modulator infrared radiometer (PMIRR) is a nine-channel limb and nadir scanning atmospheric sounder which will observe the atmosphere of Mars globally from 0 to 80 km for a full Martian year. PMIRR employs narrow-band radiometric channels and two pressure modulation cells to measure atmospheric and surface emission in the thermal infrared. PMIRR infrared and visible measurements will be combined to determine the radiative balance of the polar regions, where a sizeable fraction of the global atmospheric mass annually condenses onto and sublimes from the surface. Derived meteorological fields, including diabatic heating and cooling and the vertical variation of horizontal winds, are computed from the globally mapped fields retrieved from PMIRR data.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; E5, M
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  • 3
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    The centered one-dimensional unsteady expansion of a vibrationally relaxing nitrogen-oxygen mixture (1967)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Centered one-dimensional unsteady expansion of vibrationally relaxing nitrogen-oxygen mixture
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-TN-D-3805
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Radiometer for the Pioneer Venus Orbiter (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The paper outlines the concept of the Venus Orbiter Radiometric Temperature Experiment (VORTEX), its scientific objectives, and the evolution of its hardware. Reasons for various operating modes are given together with a resume of data handling and some typical results. Emphasis is placed on planet-in-view logic, signal channels, and memory.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing; GE-18; Jan. 198
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  • 5
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    Pioneer Venus infrared radiometer - Design, implementation and preliminary results (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The paper discusses the Pioneer Venus infrared radiometer design and operation. Its main function is to measure the thermal emission from the atmosphere at seven pressure levels above the Venus clouds, allowing a determination of the vertical temperature structure. In addition to the temperature sounding channels, there are two channels operating in the visible and near infrared to study the structure of the upper clouds, and a far infrared channel sensitive to water vapor in and above the clouds. The instrument can operate in four modes including a calibration sequence; by utilizing the spinning action of the spacecraft and short integration times, a substantial portion of the planet can be mapped within a 90 min data taking period centered about periapsis time. Temperature profiles retrieved during the course of the mission will clarify the dynamical processes in the upper atmosphere.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Space optics; May 22, 1979 - May 24, 1979; Huntsville, AL
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  • 6
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    Infrared Remote Sensing Of The Martian Atmosphere (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Distributions of temperature dust, vapors, and condensates measured. Report describes design and intended uses of developmental pressure-modulator infrared readimeter, PMIRR, carried aboard Mars Observer spacecraft. Applies remote-sensing techniques used to study atmosphere of Earth. Takes similar measurements from polar orbit around Mars. Nine-channel atmospheric sounder that employs filter and pressure-modulation gas-correlation infrared radiometry.
    Keywords: PHYSICAL SCIENCES
    Type: NPO-17353 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 12; 11; P. 52
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