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  • 1
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    Diffusive electron acceleration at SNR shock fronts and the observed SNR radio spectral indices (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The radio synchrotron emission from relativistic electrons in shell supernova remnants (SNRs) provides a unique opportunity to probe the energy distribution of energetic electrons at their acceleration site (SNR shock fronts). This information provides insight into the acceleration mechanism(s). The implications of these observations for the diffusive (first-order Fermi) acceleration of electrons at the SNR shock fronts are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Nineteenth International Cosmic Ray Conference. Conference Papers: Invited Rapporteur, Highlight, Miscellaneous, Volume 9; 4 p
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  • 2
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    Acceleration of energetic particles at solar wind shocks (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A review of the acceleration of energetic ions at interplanetary shocks is presented with an emphasis on the theory of diffusive shock acceleration and interplanetary traveling shocks. The basic theory is discussed briefly, including wave excitation. Ten predictions of the theory as outlined by Kennel et al. (1985) are presented and found to compare favorably with the observations of the 11, 12 November 1978 event. Some problems are presented which should be addressed by future theoretical/experimental work. A simple illustrative application of diffusive acceleration theory is made to the acceleration of ions at shocks in the distant heliosphere and compared qualitatively with the intensity profiles observed by Pioneer 10. Finally, Some brief thoughts on shock acceleration at high solar latitudes are presented.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
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  • 3
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    The association of energetic particles and shocks in the heliosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The observational and theoretical work on heliospheric shocks and cosmic rays in the recent past is surveyed. The data have come mainly from spacecraft in the regions from 0.3-25 AU, and include detection of particles and plasma waves upstream of the earth's bow shock. The theory of shock acceleration is reviewed, together with analytical models of energetic particle enhancement in association with shocks or shocks within the heliosphere. It has been determined that shocks in the heliosphere are associated with energetic suprathermal particles, which are conversely all associated with shocks. Solar cosmic rays and other anomalous components are therefore accelerated by shocks, a factor that is significant for studies of the acceleration mechanisms for galactic cosmic rays. The Solar Polar Mission will provide data on all solar latitudes, and the ISEE-3 spacecraft will continue to gather information on shock accelerated ions in travelling interplanetary shock waves.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: (ISSN 0034-6853)
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  • 4
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    Acoustic Levitation System (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Dense materials, such as steel balls, continuously levitated with energy provided by efficient high-powered siren in combination with shaped reflector. Reflector system, consisting of curved top reflector and flat lower reflector, eliminates instability in spatial positioning of sample.
    Keywords: FABRICATION TECHNOLOGY
    Type: NPO-16146 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 8; 4; P. 570
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  • 5
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    Producing Metallic Glasses With Acoustic Leviation (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Acoustic fields support and cool liquid particles. Levitated by sound energy, liquid drop in acoustic standing-wave field surrounded by acousticically-induced jet streams. Streaming gas cools drow below its freezing point in small fraction of second. Allows new amorphous alloys including "metallic glass" to be formed.
    Keywords: FABRICATION TECHNOLOGY
    Type: NPO-15658 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 7; 4; P. 472
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  • 6
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    Hollow-Sphere Production Line (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: After initial formation, spheroids processed without contaminating touch of solid objects. Spheroid in process supported by acoustic levitation at each work station and transported between stations by combination of acoustic levritation and acoustic propulsion. Automatic sequence of target-pellet fabication allows no contact of solid ojbect with spheroids in process. Potential for manufacture of precise microcapsules for catalysts and medications.
    Keywords: FABRICATION TECHNOLOGY
    Type: NPO-15592 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 7; 4; P. 471
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  • 7
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    The role of particle drifts in solar modulation (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The work of Isenberg and Jokipii (1979) is examined and it is shown that their extension of the conventional drift-flux formula to static magnetic fields of arbitrary spatial variation is invalid for interplanetary cosmic-ray transport. A field configuration involving helical magnetic fields which suppresses curvature and gradient drift and which may occur in the solar wind is presented. It is concluded that the conventional drift-flux contribution to the solar modulation of cosmic rays may, but need not, be important.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 248
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  • 8
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    On the anomalous component (1985)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The so-called anomalous cosmic ray component, which occurs at energies of about 10 MeV/nucleon and consists only of He, N, O, and Ne, has been a subject of interest for more than a decade. The origin of this component is generally considered to be interstellar neutral gas that is ionized and accelerated in the solar wind. The mechanism and the location for the acceleration, however, remains an unsolved problem. A model is used which includes the effects of gradient and curvature drifts and considers the implications of observed spatial gradients of the anomalous component for the location of the acceleration region. It is concluded that if drifts are important the acceleration region cannot lie at the solar poles. It is also concluded that there is no single region for the acceleration which can account for both the observed intensities and gradients in models which include drift effects.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: SH-4.6-6 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 5; p 180-183; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-5
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  • 9
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    A simple model for the formation of 'reflected', 'intermediate', and 'diffuse' ion distributions upstream of earth's bow shock (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Detailed energetic ion and low-frequency wave experiments on ISEE 1, 2, and 3, have established correlations between the types of ion populations and waves observed to exist in the earth's foreshock region. The present calculation has the objective to quantitatively test the picture obtained for the earth's foreshock region. An analysis is conducted of the coupled spatial and temporal evolution of upstream protons and hydromagnetic waves by means of a simple model in which the protons are represented by counterstreaming beams which resonate with hydromagnetic waves, exciting the outward propagating modes and damping the inward propagating modes at a single wave number.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 39-45
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  • 10
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    Simple analytical solutions for spherically symmetric production and modulation of energetic solar particles (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Exact analytical solutions are presented for the standard time-independent spherically symmetric convection-diffusion-adiabatic deceleration equation governing the transport of cosmic rays in the interplanetary medium for the case in which particles are produced with spherical symmetry at the sun. It is assumed that the solar-wind speed is constant and radial, and that the spatial diffusion coefficient has a power-law dependence on momentum. The Green's function describing the modulation of a monoenergetic production of particles is presented. The solutions provide a useful basis for the study of time-integrated properties of energetic solar-flare particle spectra.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 218
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