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  • European integration, institutional choices, dynamic analysis, post-Maastricht period, partyism, liberal intergovernmentalism, postfunctionalism, affective polarization, European identity, game-theory, technocracism, camp-building, governance design, transfer of policy competences, political leaders, interstate bargains, causes and consequences, Brexit, COVID, financial crisis, global tension, supranational partyism, national partyism, game theory  (1)
  • Sozialwissenschaften  (1)
  • birefringence  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 37 (1998), S. 182-188 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Key words Polymer melts ; viscoelasticity ; birefringence ; elongational flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Birefringence in liquid polymers offers the possibility of obtaining information about stress in complex flows. In this work, this is done for extensional flows of polyisobutylene in a “breathing bubble” rheometer. In this type of rheometer, a bubble consisting of an incompressible, low-viscosity fluid (usually water) is injected into the sample with a nozzle. Expanding or collapsing the bubble by adding or removing water induces biaxial or uniaxial extension in the surrounding sample. The pressure difference between the bubble and the surroundings can be measured and compared to the predictions of constitutive equations. This measurement only gives one integral value for a complex flow history. In this paper, the birefringence around the bubble is measured in order to learn more about the flow. This is done by comparing pressure and birefringence results to those of standard constitutive equations for a polyisobutylene sample. A good agreement between the pressure and optical measurements and the theory is found with a single value of the stress-optical constant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
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    University of Michigan Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In Europe’s recent history, there have been several challenges to the strength of the European Union—Brexit, COVID, financial crises, and global tensions—bringing an increased need to understand the ways that the European Union (EU) could successfully stay together or fall apart. In examining how the European Union has changed since 1993, important puzzles have emerged, including how national government functions are transferred to the EU without reforming the EU, how increased transparency is announced while decisions are approved in informal meetings, and how the effects of the polarizing rise of Euroscepticism can be managed to still promote the formation of solidarity and trust among Europeans. To understand these puzzles, Thomas König introduces a new theory of (supra)national partyism to help explain the causes and consequences of choices made by political leaders for Europe. He uses a game-theoretical perspective to look at how conditions for leaders change through accessions of new members, shocks, and crises, and separates institutional choices into two different games played by office- and policy-seeking political leaders—the interstate summit game and the national game of party competition. The Dynamics of European Integration reveals how the reorganization of electoral systems can harness dissensus and polarization among diverse national constituencies to enable the promotion of solidarity and trust in the EU.
    Keywords: European integration, institutional choices, dynamic analysis, post-Maastricht period, partyism, liberal intergovernmentalism, postfunctionalism, affective polarization, European identity, game-theory, technocracism, camp-building, governance design, transfer of policy competences, political leaders, interstate bargains, causes and consequences, Brexit, COVID, financial crisis, global tension, supranational partyism, national partyism, game theory ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations::JPSL Geopolitics ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Unknown
    Studien Verlag
    Publication Date: 2022-09-01
    Description: Austria was among the first countries after WWII where the Fulbright Program was set up. In October 1950, a Fulbright Commission convened for the first time in Vienna to arrange for the annual exchange of about 100 scholars and scientists, and students, between the US and Austria. This book describes the conditions of when the program was operationalized within the Austrian academic landscape and analyses the impact of academic exchange in its early period, up until 1964.
    Description: Das Fulbright Program wurde 1946 eingerichtet und war dem Austausch von WissenschaftlerInnen und Studierenden zwischen den Vereinigten Staaten und verschiedenen anderen Ländern gewidmet. Im Oktober 1950 trat eine Fulbright Commission erstmals in Wien zusammen, um die Planung für den Austausch von jährlich rund 100 Personen zwischen Österreich und den USA aufzunehmen. Der vorliegende Band untersucht die Wirkung des Programms in Österreich in seiner Anfangsphase (bis ca. 1964).
    Keywords: Österreich ; Ideengeschichte ; Wissenschaftsgeschichte ; transatlantische Beziehungen ; Universität ; historische Entwicklung ; Zweite Republik ; Wissenschaftspolitik ; Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika ; Fulbright-Kommission ; Fulbright-Programm ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Wien
    Language: German
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