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  • 1
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    Aggiornamento Geochimica del 06/05/2008 (2008)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania
    Description: Published
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: open
    Keywords: Etna ; Monitoraggio ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 2
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    Rapporto sullo sviluppo delle reti FLAME Etna e Stromboli, per la misura del flusso SO2, durante il periodo 2005 – 2009 (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: INGV, Sezione di Catania
    Description: Published
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: open
    Keywords: Etna ; Stromboli ; spettro ; SO2 ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 3
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    The role of syn-eruptive vesiculation on explosive basaltic activity at Mt. Etna, Italy (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We investigated the dynamics of explosive activity at Mt. Etna between 31 August and 15 December 2006 by combining vesicle studies in the erupted products with measurements of the gas composition at the active, summit crater. The analysed scoria clasts present large, connected vesicles with complex shapes and smaller, isolated, spherical vesicles, the content of which increases in scoriae from the most explosive events. Gas geochemistry reports CO2/SO2 and SO2/HCl ratios supporting a deep-derived gas phase for fire-fountain activity. By integrating results from scoria vesiculation and gas analysis we find that the highest energy episodes of Mt. Etna activity in 2006 were driven by a previously accumulated CO2-rich gas phase but we highlight the lesser role of syn-eruptive vesicle nucleation driven by water exsolution during ascent. We conclude that syn-eruptive vesiculation is a common process in Etnean magmas that may promote a deeper conduit magma fragmentation and increase ash formation.
    Description: Published
    Description: 265-269
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Etna ; fire-fountains ; vesicle textures ; volcanic degassing ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Coupled Use of COSPEC and Satellite Measurements to define the Volumetric Balance During Effusive Eruptions at Mt. Etna, Italy (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Mt. Etna is one of the most studied and extensively monitored volcanoes on earth (Bonaccorso et al., 2004). One of the most frequent hazards are due to the eruption of lava flows, more specifically those flows produced during flank eruptions. These eruptions potentially can produce extensive flows that can inundate densely populated communities of the lower slopes (Guest and Murray, 1979; Behncke et al., 2005). Satellite remote sensing can be used during effusive eruptions to help monitoring the volcano, by determining effusion rates of the flows, aiding in hazard management. The degassing that takes place when magma is rising to the surface can be regularly monitored using ultraviolet spectroscopic methods (e.g. Andres et al., 2001, Sutton et al., 2001). Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) fluxes have been derived from correlation spectrometer (COSPEC) measurements at Mt. Etna (Italy) on a regular basis since 1987 (e.g. Caltabiano et al., 1994; Allard, 1997; Andronico et al., 2005; Burton et al., 2005; Burton et al., in press). Previous studies have compared field-based effusion rates with the measured SO2 fluxes to determine how much of the degassed magma is erupted onto Etna’s flanks in the form of lava flows (Allard, 1997; Harris et al., 2000). However, most of these studies examine bulk volumes erupted over an eruption rather than examining the short-term variations during eruptions. Determining the amount of lava erupted and/or the balance between the amount supplied and the amount erupted remains an unresolved issue. The main objectives of this paper are to examine such short-term variations using satellite-based effusion rates along with regularly measured SO2 fluxes. Using these measurements we determine how and when the volume of supplied magma is balanced by the volume of erupted lava during individual effusive eruptions.
    Description: In press
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Etna ; Thermal Remote Sensing ; SO2 ; Mass Balance ; Effusive Eruptions ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Coupled use of COSPEC and satellite measurements to define the volumetric balance during effusive eruptions at Mt. Etna, Italy (2012)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Using Etna as a case study location, we examine the balance between the volume of magma supplied to the shallow volcanic system (using ground-based SO2 data) and the volume erupted (using satellite thermal data). We do this for three eruptions of Mt. Etna (Italy) during 2002 to 2006. We find that, during the three eruptions, 2.3×107 m3 or 24% of the degassed volume remained unerupted. However, variations in the degree of partitioning between supplied (Vsupply) and erupted (Verupt) magma occur within individual eruptions over the time scales of days. Consequently, we define and quantify three types of partitioning. In the first case, VsupplybVerupt, i.e. more lava is erupted than is supplied. In such a case previously degassed magma is erupted or magma can rise faster than it is able to degas, as occurred during the open phases of the 2002–2003 and 2004–2005 eruptions, respectively. In the second case, VsupplyNVerupt, i.e. less lava is erupted than is supplied. In such a case, magma can erupt in an explosive manner, as occurred during Phase II of the 2002–2003 eruption, or remain within or below the edifice. In the third case, Vsupply=Verupt, i.e. all supplied magma is erupted. During 2002–2006, over a total of 280 days of eruptive activity, this balancing case applied to 50% of the time.
    Description: Published
    Description: 47-53
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Etna ; thermal remote sensing ; SO2 flux ; Effusive eruption ; mass balance ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    Reconstruction of SO2 flux emission chronology from space-based measurements (2012)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Infrared satellite images measured with the MODIS instrument of the volcanic plume produced during the 2006 eruption of Mt. Etna were analysed to produce maps of SO2 amount. We used these maps to reconstruct time series of SO2 fluxes by integrating profiles of SO2 orthogonal to the plume advection direction and multiplying with wind speeds from a meteorological model. These data were then compared with a reconstructed time series of SO2 fluxes measured with the FLAME ground-based network of ultraviolet DOAS systems surrounding the volcano. We found weak agreement on 3rd December when little ash was emitted, but this agreement improved when a 0.3 m s−1 wind speed correction factor was used. FLAME and MODIS results were in good agreement on the 6th December, and improved when a –0.3 m s−1 offset was applied. The corrected data revealed that the only period of time when FLAME and MODIS did not track together was coincident with the presence of ash, which interferes with the IR imagery and retrieval of SO2. We highlight that combining two independent time series of SO2 flux allows a precise determination of wind speed, if there is sufficient time-dependent structure in the SO2 signal. The observed increase in SO2 flux prior to the ash emission is interpreted as a quiescent release of an accumulated gas phase that drive eruptive activity, as previously suggested for the southeast crater system of Etna. In this case the SO2 flux signal therefore acted as a precursor to the eruptive ash events. This work demonstrates that quantitative reconstruction of SO2 flux time series is feasible using MODIS data, opening a new frontier in the use of satellite data to interpret volcanic processes, in particular in poorly monitored remote locations.
    Description: European Space Agency's Earth Observation Envelope Programme (EOEP) – Data User Element (project SAVAA).
    Description: Published
    Description: 80-87
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: SO2 flux ; Modis ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    Insights into rapid explosive volcanic processes from ground- and space-based intraday SO2 flux measurements (2011)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: Observations of volcanic degassing yield insights into the sub-surface magmatic processes which control volcanic activity during both quiescent and eruptive phases. By combining information on volcanic gas flux with constraints on original dissolved volatile contents the volume of degassing magma can be determined. Comparisons between the volume of degassing magma, erupted volume, and ground deformation allow mass balance calculations to be performed, providing insight into the shallow volcanic plumbing system dynamics. For these reasons there is great interest in improving the quality and frequency of volcanic gas flux measurements. Ultraviolet and infrared remote sensing techniques allow determination of SO2 column amounts within volcanic plumes. By calculating SO2 column amounts in a profile orthogonal to the plume-wind direction and multiplying the integrated SO2 cross section by the wind speed the SO2 emission rate can be retrieved. There are currently three main approaches for determining volcanic SO2 fluxes; (i) ground-based mini-DOAS systems, (ii) ground-based SO2 imaging cameras, and (iii) satellite-based infrared and ultraviolet imaging. Here we examine SO2 fluxes obtained by the Flux Automatic Measurement (FLAME) network of scanning mini-DOAS instruments installed at Mt. Etna and by the MODIS instrument aboard the NASA EOS satellite AQUA during the 2006 eruption of Mt. Etna, Sicily, Italy. Mt. Etna produced a highly variable eruptive activity from the South-East crater, characterised by explosive sequences, which could be either ash-rich or ash-poor, lava effusion, partial flank collapse and periods of quiescence. We examined intraday variations in SO2 flux measured with FLAME and MODIS during both ash-rich and ash-poor explosive phases. In general, good agreement was found between the datasets. Of particular interest was the successful recalculation and validation of temporal variations in SO2 flux recorded in a single image from MODIS. By examining the temporal evolution of gas emissions our results provide insight in the eruption mechanism driving the explosive activity.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: San Francisco, CA, U.S.A.
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: open
    Keywords: SO2 ; ash ; magmatic degassing ; Remote sensing ; DOAS ; MODIS ; Etna ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.05. Radiation ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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