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The advantages of a high density, mixed land use, linear urban development (1997)

Tong, C. O. ; Wong, S. C.

Springer

Transportation 24 (1997), S. 295-307

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ISSN: 1572-9435

Schlagwort(e): city form ; transport characteristics ; urban development

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung

Notizen: Abstract This paper describes the land use and transport characteristics of a strip of urban development located along the northern shore of Hong Kong Island. The strip of land, with an area of 22.5 sq. km, is 17 km long and has an average width of 1.3 km. It has a population of approximately one million and provides over 700,000 jobs. Despite its small size, it accommodates the CBD, residential districts, shopping complexes as well as most of the civic/institutional facilities that a city needs. Its urban form is linear not by design but by default – the topography of the area has constrained the development from spreading sideways. Surprisingly however, apart from economy in land utilization, it is considered to possess three other good qualities: high accessibility enjoyed by residents; few roads and commercially viable public transport. Its travel characteristics are analyzed, using results of a home interview survey conducted by the Government in 1992. In addition, various statistics published by the Government and public transport authorities are also used in the analysis.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004987422746

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Digitale Medien

Numerical simulation of unsteady fluid flow and propagation of a circular hydraulic fracture (1985)

Cleary, M. P. ; Wong, S. K.

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 9 (1985), S. 1-14

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ISSN: 0363-9061

Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geologie und Paläontologie

Notizen: A computational procedure is developed for solving the problem of a circular hydraulic fracture propagating under the action of frac-0fluid being pumped in at a central wellbore. The crack is modelled as continuous distributions of ring dislocations and the resulting elasticity singular integral equation is solved numerically. The fluid flow equations are approximated by local and global interpolation finite difference schemes. The coupling between elasticity and fluid flow is handled numerically, by, two different algorithms: one iterates on crack tip velocity whereas the other varies the time step size until it agrees with the chosen increment in crack length. Sample results are given; it is found that the velocity algorithm is computationally more, efficient and more stable. The model allows detailed tracing of pressure distribution and fluid flow in the fracture, even under complex conditions of cyclic injection and fluid rheology. It may serve as a stand-alone model of (horizontal) hydrafracs-especially at shallow depths-or it may be used as a reference frame to test the various numerical formulation/algorithms required for the ongoing development of a fully 3-D hydrafrac simulator.

Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610090102

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HYDRATION SWELLING OF WATER-ABSORBING ROCKS: A CONSTITUTIVE MODEL (1996)

HEIDUG, W. K. ; WONG, S.-W.

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 403-430

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ISSN: 0363-9061

Schlagwort(e): swelling ; chemo-poroelasticity ; borehole stability ; osmosis ; Engineering ; Engineering General

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geologie und Paläontologie

Notizen: Water-absorbing rocks are formed from minerals that can hold water in their crystal structure or between grain boundaries. Such water absorption is often accompanied by a change in the crystal dimension that manifests itself as a swelling of the rock. Swelling is particularly pronounced in rocks containing phyllosilicates because of the ease with which these minerals hydrate; it is thus of geological and geotechnical relevance in shales, clay-rich soils and zeolitized tuffs. The model of hydration swelling that we present here is based on extended versions of the equations of poroelasticity and Darcy's transport law, which we derive using a non-equilibrium thermodynamics approach. Our equations account for the hydration reaction under the assumption that the reaction rate is fast in comparison with the rate at which hydraulic state changes are communicated through the rock, i.e. that local physico-chemical equilibrium persists. Using a finite-element scheme for solving numerically the governing equations of our model, we simulate the creep of shales during a routine swelling test and calculate the stress and strain distributions around wellbores drilled in shale formations that undergo swelling. We show that swelling effects promote tensile failure of the wellbore wall.

Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

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