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  • Engineering General  (1)
  • Keywords. Cyclic voltammetry; Silver electrode; Alkaline solutions.  (1)
  • Pitting corrosion  (1)
  • Sodium perchlorate  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 129 (1998), S. 1103-1117 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Keywords. Cyclic voltammetry; Silver electrode; Alkaline solutions.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung.  Die Elektrochemie von Metallen und Legierungen stellt ein wichtiges Arbeitsgebiet in Forschung und Industrie dar. Die hier vorgestellte Untersuchung beinhaltet detaillierte Studien zur Korrosion und zum elektrochemischen Verhalten von Silber in wäßrigen Natriumhydroxidlösungen mittels cyclischer Voltammetrie, Chronoamperometrie und potentiostatischer Techniken. Die anodische Polarisationskurve von Ag in NaOH wird durch das Auftreten von fünf anodischen Peaks (A1–A5) charakterisiert. A1 resultiert aus der elektrochemischen Bildung von löslichen komplexen Species des Typs [Ag(OH)2]−, A2 aus jener von Ag2O, A3 geht auf Keimbildung und dreidimensionales Wachstum der Ag2O-Schicht zurück, A4 auf die Bildung von AgO, und A5 wird vermutlich durch die Bildung von Ag2O3 verursacht. Röntgendiffraktionsmuster bestätigen die Existenz passiver Ag2O- und AgO-Schichten an der Elektrodenoberfläche bei potentiodynamischer Polarisation bis zur Wasserstoffentwicklung. Der kathodische Teil der cyclischen Voltammogramme wird durch einen aktivierten anodischen Peak (A6, entsprechend der Elektrooxidation von Ag zu Ag2O) und drei kathodische Peaks (C1, C2, C2′, entsprechend der Elektroreduktion von AgO zu Ag2O und von Ag2O zu Ag) charakterisiert.
    Notes: Summary.  Studies of the electrochemistry of metals and alloys are very important fields of scientific and industrial work. The present investigation includes detailed studies on the corrosion and electrochemical behaviour of Ag in aqueous NaOH solutions under various conditions using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and potentiostatic techniques. It was found that the anodic polarization curve of Ag in NaOH solutions is characterized by the occurrence of five anodic peaks (A1–A5). A1 is due to the electroformation of soluble [Ag(OH)2]− complex species, A2 to the electroformation of Ag2O, A3 to nucleation and three dimensional growth of the Ag2O layer, A4 to the formation of AgO, and A5 presumably to the formation of Ag2O3. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the existence of passive Ag2O and AgO layers on the electrode surface potentiodynamically polarized up to oxygen evolution. The cathodic part of the cyclic voltammograms is characterized by the occurrence of an activated anodic peak (A6) corresponding to the electrooxidation of Ag to Ag2O and three cathodic peaks (C1, C2, C2′) corresponding to the electroreduction of AgO to Ag2O and Ag2O to Ag, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0768
    Keywords: Key words Silver electrode ; Sodium carbonate ; Sodium perchlorate ; Pitting corrosion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The electrochemical behaviour of polycrystalline silver electrodes in Na2CO3 solutions was studied under potentiodynamic and potentiostatic conditions and complemented with X-ray diffraction analysis. Potentiodynamic E/i anodic curves exhibit active passive transition prior to an oxygen evolution reaction. The active region involves a small peak AI followed by a major peak AII before the passive region. Peak AI is assigned to the formation of an Ag2O layer while peak AII is due to the formation of an Ag2CO3 layer. The height of the anodic peaks increases with increasing Na2CO3 concentration, scan rate and temperature. The effect of increasing additions of NaClO4 on the electrochemical behaviour of Ag in Na2CO3 solutions was investigated. The perchlorate ions stimulate the active dissolution of Ag, presumably as a result of the formation of soluble AgClO4 salt. In the passive region, ClO− 4 ions tend to break down the dual passive film, leading to pitting corrosion at a certain critical pitting potential. The pitting potential decreases with ClO− 4 concentration. Potentiostatic current/time transients showed that the formation of Ag2O and Ag2CO3 layers involves a nucleation and growth mechanism under diffusion control. However, in the presence of ClO− 4 ions, the incubation time for pit initiation decreases on increasing the anodic potential step.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 11 (1987), S. 203-213 
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Theoretical formulations to the problem of expansion of spherical and cylindrical cavities in a layered elastic system are presented. The medium surrounding the cavity is assumed to consist of several layers, and each is idealized as a linear elastic solid. The solutions are expressed in matrix forms and can be obtained using a programmable calculator. The developed solutions are of some importance in geomechanics. The spherical cavity solution can be used to compute the settlement of single axially loaded piles. The predicted settlement using the analysis outlined herein agrees reasonably well with one case of field measurements. The cylindrical cavity solution can be used to manifest the effect of disturbed mass at the cavity wall on the stress-strain and deformation characteristics of the intact mass.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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