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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of hydrochloric acid in organic solutions by gas chromatography (1980)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 13 (1980), S. 207-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Trace determination ; Hydrogen chloride ; Ethylene oxide ; Gas chromatography ; Chlorinated solvents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A method is described for the determination of small quantities of hydrochloric acid in two chlorinated organic solvents (CHCl3 and CCl4). An excess of gaseous ethylene oxide is added to a liquid sample; the 2-chloroethanol formed is then analyzed by gas chromatography. The procedure is simpler and more sensitive in comparison with other conventional methods. It can be modified for other organic solvents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261872
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preconditioned conjugate gradients for solving the transient Boussinesq equations in three-dimensional geometries (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 283-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite elements ; Transient flow ; Three-dimensional flow ; Natural convection ; Incomplete ; Choleski conjugate gradients ; Iterative solver ; Vectorization ; Crystal growth ; Gallium arsenide ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper we present a new version of the ‘modified finite element method’ (MFEM) presented by Gresho, Chan, Lee and Upson.1 The main modification of the original algorithm is the introduction of a cost-effective and memory-saving iterative solver for the discretized Poisson equation for the pressure. The vectorization of the preconditioner has been especially considered. For low Prandtl number problems we also split the advection-diffusion operator of the energy equation into explicit and implicit parts. In that sense the present approach is related to the recent implicitization of the diffusive terms introduced by Gresho and Chan2 and by Gresho.3 The algorithm is applied to the study of buoyancy-driven flow oscillations occuring in a horizontal crucible of molten metal under the action of a horizontal temperature gradient.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650080303
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical simulation of the horizontal Bridgman growth. Part II: Three-dimensional flow (1987)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 7 (1987), S. 49-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite Elements ; Transient Flows ; Three-dimensional Flows ; Natural Convection ; Interfaces Oscillatory Flows ; Crystal Growth ; Semiconductors ; Gallium Arsenide ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We study the steady-state three-dimensional flow which occurs in a horizontal crucible of molten metal under the action of a horizontal temperature gradient. The geometry and the boundary conditions are similar to those encountered in the Bridgman growth process of semiconductor crystals. We find that three-dimensional effects can have a dramatic influence upon the flow, which, before the onset of periodic disturbances, differs appreciably from its two-dimensional counterpart. We also investigate the sensitivity of the flow to non-symmetric disturbances.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650070105
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