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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The eEFlA gene family is differentially expressed in maize endosperm (1999)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 41 (1999), S. 801-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: eEF1A ; endosperm ; gene family ; maize ; opaque2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract eEF1A appears to be a multifunctional protein in eukaryotes, where it serves as a protein synthesis factor as well as a cytoskeletal protein. In maize endosperm, the eEF1A concentration is highly correlated with lysine content, and eEF1A synthesis is increased in opaque2 mutants compared to wild type. To investigate the basis for the increased synthesis of eEF1A in opaque2, we characterized the genes encoding this protein and measured their relative level of expression in endosperm and other tissues. Maize contains 10 to 15 eEF1A genes that are nearly identical in nucleotide and amino acid sequences. However, these genes can be distinguished based on their 3′ non-coding sequences, which are less conserved. By screening endosperm and seedling cDNA libraries, we show that most of the maize eEF1A genes are expressed, and the relative level of their transcripts varies in different tissues. At least five genes are transcribed in the endosperm, and two account for ca. 80% of the RNA transcripts. The expression of several genes is enhanced in opaque2 endosperm, although the significance of this is unclear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006391207980
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deletion of DNA sequences flanking an Mr 19 000 zein gene reduces its transcriptional activity in heterologous plant tissues (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 211 (1988), S. 202-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Zein ; Transcriptional regulation ; Electroporation ; Enhancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Analysis of a series of clones containing deletions in the 5′ noncoding sequence of a gene encoding an Mr 19 000 zein allowed identification of a region required for maximal transcription. Transcriptional activity was assayed in two heterologous plant systems. In one system, the Ti plasmid was used to introduce the modified zein genes into the sunflower genome. In the other system, electroporation was used to transform carrot protoplasts with plasmids containing the zein genes. For the electrophoration experiments, the 5′ noncoding sequences from the zein clones were linked to the protein coding sequence of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase. The results showed that an upstream sequence, delimited by nucleotides-337 and-125 with respect to the mRNA cap site, is required for maximal transcription of the gene. In contrast, very low levels of transcription were directed by constructs that contained 125 bp of 5′ noncoding sequence that included the CAAT and TATA boxes, suggesting that the additional sequences (-337 to-125) further 5′ exert a quantitative effect on transcription. Examination of the additional 5′ sequences showed five regions that share homology with the SV40 enhancer core sequence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330595
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of an unusual α-zein protein is correlated with the phenotypic effects of the floury2 mutation in maize (1994)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 245 (1994), S. 537-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Maize ; floury2 ; opaque2 ; Endosperm Zeins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The soft, starchy endosperm of the maize (Zea mays L)floury2 mutant is associated with a reduction in zein mRNA and protein synthesis, unique protein body morphology, and enhanced levels of a 70 kDa protein, that has been shown to be the maize homolog of a chaperonin found in the endoplasmic reticulum. We found an unusual α-zein protein of 24 kDa to be consistently associated with the zein fraction from floury2 mutants. Three additional α-zein proteins with molecular weights ranging from ca. 25 to 27 kDa are detected in the storage protein fraction of a high percentage of floury2 kernels and a low percentage of normal kernels in a genetically segregating population. The four proteins can be distinguished from one another by immunostaining on Western blots. Synthesis of the 24 kDa protein is regulated by Opaque2, since the 24 kDa protein is lacking in the storage protein fraction of opaque2/floury2 double mutants. The synthesis of an abnormal a-zein protein in floury2 could explain many features of the mutant, such as the abnormal protein body morphology, induction of the 70 kDa chaperonin, and hypostasis to opaque2 (o2). Although we cannot prove that the accumulation of this protein is responsible for the floury2 phenotype, we were able to detect a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) linked to the floury2 locus with a 22 kDa α-zein probe. We hypothesize that the unique characteristics of the floury2 mutant could be a response to the accumulation of a defective a-zein protein which impairs secretory protein synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282216
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