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  • Electronics and Electrical Engineering  (3)
  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (1)
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  • 1
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    Low-Temperature Spacecraft: Challenges/Opportunities (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Imagine sending a spacecraft into deep space that operates at the ambient temperature of its environment rather than hundreds of degrees Kelvin warmer. The average temperature of a spacecraft warmed only by the sun drops from 279 K near the Earth's orbit to 90 K near the orbit of Saturn, and to 44 K near Pluto's orbit. At present, deep space probes struggle to maintain an operating temperature near 300 K for the onboard electronics. To warm the electronics without consuming vast amounts of electrical energy, radioisotope heater units (RHUs) are used in vast numbers. Unfortunately, since RHU are always 'on', an active thermal management system is required to reject the excess heat. A spacecraft designed to operate at cryogenic temperatures and shielded from the sun by a large communication dish or solar cell array could be less complex, lighter, and cheaper than current deep space probes. Before a complete low-temperature spacecraft becomes a reality, there are several challenges to be met. Reliable cryogenic power electronics is one of the major challenges. The Low-Temperature Power Electronics Research Group at NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) has demonstrated the ability of some commercial off the shelf power electronic components to operate at temperatures approaching that of liquid nitrogen (77 K). Below 77 K, there exists an opportunity for the development of reliable semiconductor power switching technologies other than bulk silicon CMOS. This paper will report on the results of NASA GRC's Low-Temperature Power Electronics Program and discuss the challenges to (opportunities for) the creation of a low-temperature spacecraft.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Forum on Innovative Approaches to Outer Planetary Exploration 2001-2020; 25; LPI-Contrib-1084
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Electrical Devices and Circuits for Low Temperature Space Applications (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The environmental temperature in many NASA missions, such as deep space probes and outer planetary exploration, is significantly below the range for which conventional commercial-off-the-shelf electronics is designed. Presently, spacecraft operating in the cold environment of such deep space missions carry a large number of radioisotope or other heating units in order to maintain the surrounding temperature of the on-board electronics at approximately 20 C. Electronic devices and circuits capable of operation at cryogenic temperatures will not only tolerate the harsh environment of deep space but also will reduce system size and weight by eliminating or reducing the heating units and their associate structures; thereby reducing system development cost as well as launch costs. In addition, power electronic circuits designed for operation at low temperatures are expected to result in more efficient systems than those at room temperature. This improvement results from better behavior in the electrical and thermal properties of some semiconductor and dielectric materials at low temperatures. An on-going research and development program on low temperature electronics at the NASA Glenn Research Center focuses on the development of efficient electrical systems and circuits capable of surviving and exploiting the advantages of low temperature environments. An overview of the program will be presented in this paper. A description of the low temperature test facilities along with selected data obtained from in-house component testing will also be discussed. On-going research activities that are being performed in collaboration with various organizations will also be presented.
    Keywords: Electronics and Electrical Engineering
    Type: NASA/TM-2003-212600 , E-14159 , NAS 1.15:212600 , International Workshop on Thermal Detectors for Space Based Planetary, Solar and Earth Science Applications; Jun 19, 2003 - Jun 20, 2003; Adelphi, MD; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Electronics for Deep Space Cryogenic Applications (2002)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Deep space probes and planetary exploration missions require electrical power management and control systems that are capable of efficient and reliable operation in very cold temperature environments. Typically, in deep space probes, heating elements are used to keep the spacecraft electronics near room temperature. The utilization of power electronics designed for and operated at low temperature will contribute to increasing efficiency and improving reliability of space power systems. At NASA Glenn Research Center, commercial-off-the-shelf devices as well as developed components are being investigated for potential use at low temperatures. These devices include semiconductor switching devices, magnetics, and capacitors. Integrated circuits such as digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital converters, DC/DC converters, operational amplifiers, and oscillators are also being evaluated. In this paper, results will be presented for selected analog-to-digital converters, oscillators, DC/DC converters, and pulse width modulation (PWM) controllers.
    Keywords: Electronics and Electrical Engineering
    Type: NASA/TM-2002-211695 , E-13427 , NAS 1.15:211695 , Fifth European Workshop on Low Temperature Electronics; Jun 19, 2002 - Jun 21, 2002; Grenoble; France
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  • 4
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    Electronic Components and Systems for Cryogenic Space Applications (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Electronic components and systems capable of operation at cryogenic temperatures are anticipated in many future NASA space missions such as deep space probes and planetary surface exploration. For example, an unheated interplanetary probe launched to explore the rings of Saturn would reach an average temperature near Saturn of about - 183 C. In addition to surviving the deep space harsh environment, electronics capable of low temperature operation would contribute to improving circuit performance, increasing system efficiency, and reducing payload development and launch costs. Terrestrial applications where components and systems must operate in low temperature environments include cryogenic instrumentation, superconducting magnetic energy storage, magnetic levitation transportation system, and arctic exploration. An on-going research and development program at the NASA Glenn Research Center focuses on the development of reliable electronic devices and efficient power systems capable of surviving in low temperature environments. An overview of the program will be presented in this paper. A description of the low temperature test facilities along with selected data obtained from in-house component testing will also be discussed. Ongoing research activities that are being performed in collaboration with various organizations will also be presented.
    Keywords: Electronics and Electrical Engineering
    Type: NASA/TM-2001-211129 , NAS 1.15:211129 , E-12978 , International Cryogenic Materials Conference; Jul 16, 2001 - Jul 20, 2001; Madison, WI; United States|2001 Cryogenic Engineering Conference; Jul 16, 2001 - Jul 20, 2001; Madison, WI; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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