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  • 1
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    Initial results of the Global Thermospheric Mapping Study (GTMS) (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The Global Thermospheric Mapping Study (GTMS) is a multi-technique experimental study of the thermosphere designed to map simultaneously its spatial and temporal morphology with a thoroughness and diversity of measurement techniques heretofore unachieved. The GTMS is designed around the Incoherent Scatter Radar Chain in the western hemisphere. The European incoherent scatter radars and the worldwide communities of Fabry-Perot interferometers, meteor wind radars, partial reflection drifts radars, MST radars, and satellite probes are included to extend the spatial coverage and types of measurements available. Theoretical and modeling support in the areas of thermospheric and ionospheric structure, tides, and electric fields are included to aid in program planning and data interpretation. Solar activity was low on the three observation days (F10.7 = 97, 98, 96) and magnetic conditions were unsettled to active (A = 10, 12, 20). All six incoherent scatter radar facilities collected data. Each collected F region data day and night while Saint Santin and Millstone Hill additionally collected E region data during daylight hours. Initial results from Sondrestrom and Millstone Hill are presented. Good quality Fabry Perot data were collected at Fritz Peak and San Jose dos Campos. Weather conditions produced poor results at Arequipa and Arecibo. Initial results from Fritz Peak are presented. Mesosphere/lower-thermosphere observations were conducted under the ATMAP organization. The magnetometer chains also were operational during this campaign. Initial thermospheric general circulation model predictions were made for assumed solar-geophysical conditions, and selected results are presented.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Thermosphere Dynamics Workshop, Volume 2; p 275-296
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  • 2
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    Comparison of absolute photoelectron fluxes measured on AE-C and AE-E with theoretical fluxes and predicted and measured N2 2PG 3371A volume emission rates (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Planetary and Space Science; 31; Feb. 198
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  • 3
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    A comparison between radio meteor and airglow winds (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A comparison between the winds near an altitude of 97 kilometers has been made from observations of the 17,924-K (5577-A) O I emission line at Fritz Peak Observatory (39.8 deg N, 195.5 deg W) and with a meteor radar facility at Atlanta (34 deg N, 84 deg W), from August 1974 to November 1975. Since the optical emission measurements are made only at night, the nighttime meteor radar measurements have been used, weighted by an airglow emission-rate profile. The results show general agreement in both the zonal and meridional wind vectors, but with the variations in the amplitude of the meridional winds at the northernmost station (Fritz Peak Observatory) larger than those at Atlanta. This is a result of the smoothing inherent in producing the meteor winds.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 4
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    Simultaneous observations of the proton ring current and stable auroral red arcs (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Explorer 45 observed the equatorial proton ring current in the plasmapause region and Fritz Peak Observatory observed stable auroral red (SAR) arcs on Dec. 17, 1971 during a geomagnetic storm. An estimate of energy lost from the ring current was obtained by using Explorer 45 observations of pitch angle distribution transitions which are probably due to pitch angle diffusion-driven resonant interactions with ion cyclotron waves. Estimates of the equatorial loss rate yield values greater than the required SAR arc energy input rate, and the location of the peaks in these loss rates agrees with the observed location of the arcs. It is thus concluded that this energy loss is sufficient to sustain the SAR arcs.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 81; Feb. 1
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  • 5
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    Study of Stable Cathodes and Electrolytes for High Specific Density Lithium-Air Battery (2015)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Future NASA missions require high specific energy battery technologies, greater than 400 Wh/kg. Current NASA missions are using "state-of-the-art" (SOA) Li-ion batteries (LIB), which consist of a metal oxide cathode, a graphite anode and an organic electrolyte. NASA Glenn Research Center is currently studying the physical and electrochemical properties of the anode-electrolyte interface for ionic liquid based Li-air batteries. The voltage-time profiles for Pyr13FSI and Pyr14TFSI ionic liquids electrolytes studies on symmetric cells show low over-potentials and no dendritic lithium morphology. Cyclic voltammetry measurements indicate that these ionic liquids have a wide electrochemical window. As a continuation of this work, sp2 carbon cathode and these low flammability electrolytes were paired and the physical and electrochemical properties were studied in a Li-air battery system under an oxygen environment.
    Keywords: Electronics and Electrical Engineering
    Type: GRC-E-DAA-TN23777 , Electrochemical Society Meeting; May 24, 2015 - May 28, 2015; Chicago, IL; United States
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  • 6
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    Evaluation of Niobium as Candidate Electrode Material for DC High Voltage Photoelectron Guns (2012)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The field emission characteristics of niobium electrodes were compared to those of stainless steel electrodes using a DC high voltage field emission test apparatus. A total of eight electrodes were evaluated: two 304 stainless steel electrodes polished to mirror-like finish with diamond grit and six niobium electrodes (two single-crystal, two large-grain, and two fine-grain) that were chemically polished using a buffered-chemical acid solution. Upon the first application of high voltage, the best large-grain and single-crystal niobium electrodes performed better than the best stainless steel electrodes, exhibiting less field emission at comparable voltage and field strength. In all cases, field emission from electrodes (stainless steel and/or niobium) could be significantly reduced and sometimes completely eliminated, by introducing krypton gas into the vacuum chamber while the electrode was biased at high voltage. Of all the electrodes tested, a large-grain niobium electrode performed the best, exhibiting no measurable field emission (〈 10 pA) at 225 kV with 20 mm cathode/anode gap, corresponding to a field strength of 18:7 MV/m.
    Keywords: Electronics and Electrical Engineering
    Type: NF1676L-15271 , Physical Review Special Topics -- Accelerators and Beams; 15; 8; 083502
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  • 7
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    Thermospheric response to the 23 October 1981 SAR-arc and aurora as observed from Fritz Peak, Colorado and Calgary, Alberta during the Dynamics Explorer /DE-2/ and NOAA-6 satellite overflights (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 9; Sept
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  • 8
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    Neural net forecasting for geomagnetic activity (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: We use neural nets to construct nonlinear models to forecast the AL index given solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) data. We follow two approaches: (1) the state space reconstruction approach, which is a nonlinear generalization of autoregressive-moving average models (ARMA) and (2) the nonlinear filter approach, which reduces to a moving average model (MA) in the linear limit. The database used here is that of Bargatze et al. (1985).
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 20; 23; p. 2707-2710
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  • 9
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    Evolutionary Multiobjective Design Targeting a Field Programmable Transistor Array (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper introduces the ISPAES algorithm for circuit design targeting a Field Programmable Transistor Array (FPTA). The use of evolutionary algorithms is common in circuit design problems, where a single fitness function drives the evolution process. Frequently, the design problem is subject to several goals or operating constraints, thus, designing a suitable fitness function catching all requirements becomes an issue. Such a problem is amenable for multi-objective optimization, however, evolutionary algorithms lack an inherent mechanism for constraint handling. This paper introduces ISPAES, an evolutionary optimization algorithm enhanced with a constraint handling technique. Several design problems targeting a FPTA show the potential of our approach.
    Keywords: Electronics and Electrical Engineering
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  • 10
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    Stochastic mixing of protons from chaotic orbits in the nightside geomagnetosphere (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The stochastic mixing of protons in the energy range from 1 to 30 keV in the nightside magnetosphere is studied by calculating the local divergence rate of neighboring orbits and the two-time velocity correlation function. The rate of divergence of neighboring bundles of trajectories is shown to have large bursts with average separation times of order 1 minute per e-folding during the crossing of the central plasma sheet in the region beyond -50 Re. For the Tsyganenko magnetosphere the net amount of orbit divergence is 15 to 20 e-foldings in one hour. The velocity correlations are shown to decay as power laws r-m with a distribution of m values. These results indicate that for short time (less than 1 hour) there is reversibility and memory for the protons but for longer times there is no memory for protons in the nightside magnetosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 18; 1575-157
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