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  • MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT  (2)
  • Electroencephalography  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 16 (1978), S. 31-38 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Motion artefact ; Skin potential ; Electrocardiography ; Electroencephalography ; Electrodes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommaire Les artefacts issus des variations de potentiel sur la surface de la peau posent le dernier sérieux problème encore dans un système d’enregistrement du biopotentiel bien conçu. Nous avons examiné la nature des artefacts potentiels de la peau causés par la déformation due à l’extension, souvent appelés ‘artefacts de mouvement’, ainsi que la manière dont l’abrasion cutanée réduit ces artefacts, en utilisant un appareil mesurant à la fois le potentiel de la peau et l’impédance afin de vérifier un modèle électrique simple de la peau. Nous avons trouvé que l’abrasion réduit l’artefact en créant une charge de résistance dans le générateur de potentiel transcutané à haute impédance à l’intérieur de l’épiderme. Nous avons inventé une méthode qui utilise des piqûres d’aiguilles ce qui permet de produire le minimum d’abrasion requis pour éliminer l’artefact d’extension. Nous avons établi que 10 piqûres cutanées réduisent l’artefact de 5–10 mV à moins de 0·2 mV. L’irritation et la rougeur cutanées causées par notre méthode de piqûres disparaît en 24 h, ce qui contraste nettement avec les escarres qui sont la conséquence fréquente de la technique couramment employée d’abrasion au papier de verre. Nous recommandons donc la technique des piqûres dans les enregistrements cliniques où l’artefact de mouvement pose un problème.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Aus Schwankungen im Hautpotential entstehende Artifakte stellen das schwierigste Artifaktproblem dar, das auch heute noch in einem gut konstruierten Biopotential-Aufzeichnungs-system zu finden ist. Wir untersuchten durch Spannungsverformung verursachte Hautpotential-Artifakte und die Verringerung dieser Artifakte durch Hautabrasion, wobei ein Simultan-Hautpotential-und Impedanzmeßgerät zur Kontrolle eines einfachen Gleichstrom-Modells der Haut herangezogen wurde. Wir fanden, daß Hautabrasion das Artifakt reduziert, indem sie den transkutanen Potentialgenerator in der Epidermis ohmisch belastet. Wir arbeiteten eine Nadelpunktionsmethode aus, die die zur Ausschaltung von Spannungsartifakten erfoderliche Mindestabrasion herstellt. Wir fanden, daß 10 Punktionen das Artifakt von 5–10 mV auf weniger als 0·2 mV reduzierten. Durch unsere Punktion verursachte Hautreizungen und rötungen verschwanden innerhalb von 24 Stunden, im Gegensatz zu der Schorfbildung, die sich aus den herkömmlichen Abrasionsverfahren mit Sandpapier ergibt. Daher empfehlen wir Punktion in klinischen Aufzeichnungen, wo Bewegungsartifakt ein Problem ist.
    Notes: Abstract Artefacts arising from variations in potential across the skin pose the greatest artefact problem remaining in a well designed biopotential recording system. We examined the nature of skin potential artefacts caused by stretch deformation, often called ‘motion artefacts’, and the manner by which skin abrasion reduces these artefacts, using a simultaneous skin-potential and impedence-measuring device to verify a simple d.c. electrical model of the skin. We found that abrasion reduces artefacts by resistively loading the high-impedance transcutaneous potential generator within the epidermis. We devised a needle-puncture method for producing the minimum amount of skin abrasion required to eliminate stretch artefact. We found that 10 0·5-mm skin punctures reduced the artefact from 5–10 mV to less than 0·2 mV. Skin irritation and redness are absent in the majority of cases, but cause a slight reddening in some cases. In contrast, sandpaper abrasion by an inexperienced operator often results in large welts and scabbing. We recommend puncture in clinical recording where motion artefact is a problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The control and operation of mechanical manipulators by a human and the use of sensory tactile and force feedback is reviewed. The terms telepresence, teleproprioception, and teletouch are defined and relevant technologies that have or could have been applied to teleoperation are discussed. An ideal method of tactile sensory feedback for teleoperators that is based upon reproduction of the object's contour is discussed, and its practicality considered. Previously developed components that could be used to build a system incorporating sensory tactile and force feedback are presented.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (ISSN 0018-9472); 18; 1020-102
    Format: text
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Sensory substitution systems provide their users with environmental information through a human sensory channel (eye, ear, or skin) different from that normally used or with the information processed in some useful way. The authors review the methods used to present visual, auditory, and modified tactile information to the skin and discuss present and potential future applications of sensory substitution, including tactile vision substitution (TVS), tactile auditory substitution, and remote tactile sensing or feedback (teletouch). The relevant sensory physiology of the skin, including the mechanisms of normal touch and the mechanisms and sensations associated with electrical stimulation of the skin using surface electrodes (electrotactile, or electrocutaneous, stimulation), is reviewed. The information-processing ability of the tactile sense and its relevance to sensory substitution is briefly summarized. The limitations of current tactile display technologies are discussed.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering (ISSN 0018-9294); 38; 1-16
    Format: text
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