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  • 1
    Keywords: Freshwater ecology. ; Marine ecology. ; Animal culture. ; Biotic communities. ; Physical geography. ; Evolution (Biology). ; Freshwater and Marine Ecology. ; Animal Science. ; Ecosystems. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Evolutionary Theory.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction: the Habitat and the Ecosystem -- Shallow Hardbottom of East Florida and the Caribbean and the Regional Shelf Setting -- Macroalgae and Cyanobacteria -- Invertebrates -- Fish Assemblages -- Marine Turtles -- Functional Ecological Attributes of Shallow Hardbottom -- Mitigating Shallow Hardbottom Impacts -- Literature Cited -- Appendices.
    Abstract: Nearshore hardbottom reefs of Florida’s east coast are used by over 1100 species of fishes, invertebrates, algae, and sea turtles. These rocky reefs support reproduction, settlement, and habitat use, and are energy sources and sinks. They are also buried by beach renourishment projects in which artificial reefs are used for mitigation. This comprehensive book is for research scientists and agency personnel, yet accessible to interested laypersons including beachfront residents and water-users. An unprecedented collection of research information and often stunning color photographs are assembled including over 1250 technical citations and 127 figures. These shallow reefs are part of a mosaic of coastal shelf habitats including estuarine seagrasses and mangroves, and offshore coral reefs. These hardbottom habitats are federally designated as Essential Fish Habitats - Habitats of Particular Concern and are important feeding areas for federally-protected sea turtles. Organismal and assemblage responses to natural and man-made disturbances, including climate change, are examined in the context of new research and management opportunities for east Florida’s islands in the sand. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVIII, 472 p. 135 illus., 125 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030403577
    DDC: 577.6
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Studies of the interactions between the Space Station Freedom and ionospheric plasma led to an improved understanding of the dynamics of these interactions. Some of the issues related to developing and sustaining arcs in ionospheric conditions are considered. A technique for the estimation of the amplitude and duration of arcs is presented. The technique uses the capacitance of the system to estimate the peak current and then uses the charge stored to estimate the arc duration. As new technologies are implemented on spacecraft, new environmental compatibility issues will arise. Some of the issues related to driving dielectric surfaces with alternating current voltages are considered. The steady state charging criteria is that over an oscillation, the ion charge collected is compensated for by the electron charge collected. This tends to drive the average potential negative so that the dielectric surface is positive for only a small portion of the cycle.
    Keywords: Plasma Physics
    Type: ; 126-138
    Format: text
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An unavoidable step in the process of space exploration is to use high-power, very large spacecraft launched into Earth orbit. Obviously, the spacecraft will need powerful energy sources. Previous experience has shown that electrical discharges occur on the surfaces of a high-voltage array, and these discharges (arcs) are undesirable in many respects. Moreover, any high voltage conductor will interact with the surrounding plasma, and that interaction may result in electrical discharges between the conductor and plasma (or between two conductors with different potentials, for example, during docking and extravehicular activity). One very important aspect is the generation of electromagnetic radiation by arcing. To prevent the negative influence of electromagnetic noise on the operation of spacecraft systems, it seems necessary to determine the spectra and absolute levels of the radiation, and to determine limitations on the solar array bias voltage that depend on the parameters of LEO plasma and the technical requirements of the spacecraft equipment. This report describes the results of an experimental study and computer simulation of the electromagnetic radiation generated by arcing on spacecraft surfaces. A large set of high quality data was obtained during the Solar Array Module Plasma Interaction Experiment (SAMPIE, flight STS-62) and ground test. These data include the amplitudes of current, pulse forms, duration of each arc, and spectra of plasma waves. A theoretical explanation of the observed features is presented in this report too. The elaborated model allows us to determine the parameters of the electromagnetic noise for different frequency ranges, distances from the arcing site, and distinct kinds of plasma waves.
    Keywords: Plasma Physics
    Type: NASA-TM-107217 , NAS 1.15:107217 , E-10244 , International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum; Jul 21, 1996 - Jul 26, 1996; Berkeley, CA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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