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  • Earth Resources and Remote Sensing  (50)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (16)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NMR study of the secondary structure of s-RNA (1965)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 3 (1965), S. 609-616 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The melting characteristics of unfractionated yeast s-RNA in neutral aqueous solution have been examined by high-resolution proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These studies indicate that the bases of s-RNA become rotationally activated at lower temperatures than their associated ribose units. These observations, as well as the recently determined base sequence of an alanine-specific s-RNA, suggest that base complementarity may not be the primary determinant in the stabilization of the secondary structure of s-RNA. In addition, evidence for exchange of C8-protons of purine bases of s-RNA with D2O was obtained at temperatures above 70°C.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360030602
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular dynamics simulations of a winter flounder “antifreeze” polypeptide in aqueous solution (1993)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 33 (1993), S. 1481-1503 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A winter flounder antifreeze polypeptide (HPLC-6) has been studied in vacuo and in aqueous solution using molecular dynamics computer simulation techniques. The helical conformation of this polypeptide was found to be stable both in vacuum and in solution. The major stabilizing interactions were found to be the main-chain hydrogen bonds, a salt-bridge interaction, and solute-solvent hydrogen bonds. A significant bending in the middle of the polypeptide chain was observed both in vacuo and in solvent at 300 K. Possible causes of the bending are discussed. From simulations of mutant polypeptide molecules in vacuo, it is concluded that the bend in the native polypeptide was caused by side chain to backbone hydrogen bond competition involving the Thr 24 side chain and facilitated by strains on the helix resulting from the Lys 18-Glu 22 salt bridge. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360331002
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro cytotoxicity testing of neodymium-iron-boron magnets (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 6 (1995), S. 69-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Neodymium-iron-boron magnets are being increasingly used in orthodontic and orthopedic appliances. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of these new “super” magnets. A modified agar overlay technique was performed using both L929 mouse fibroblasts and adult human oral mucosal fibroblasts. The neodyium-iron-boron magnets were tested in the following forms: uncoated magnetized, uncoated demagnetized, parylene coated demagnetized, and parylene coated magnetized. Results revealed that uncoated magnetized, uncoated demagnetized, and parylene coated magnetized were cytotoxic to both L929 mouse fibroblasts and human oral mucosal fibroblasts. However the parylene coated demagnetized neodymium magnets were only cytotoxic to the human mucosal fibroblasts. This study supports the hypothesis that these are cytotoxic effects of possibly corrosion products and of magnetism. The specific toxic effects of parylene were not examined in this present study. Statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney U-test, p = 0.014) suggested that, in this experiment, the human oral mucosal fibroblasts were more sensitive to the effects of these rare earth magnets. With the evidence of a biological effect, the use of implanted magnets must at present be limited until the safety can be assured. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770060110
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of corrosion products (neodymium iron boron) on oral fibroblast proliferation (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 6 (1995), S. 199-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The biological effects of the corrosion products of neodymium iron boron (Nd2Fe14B) magnets are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to identify the types of corrosion product and to evaluate the effect of the corrosion products (CP) of Nd2Fe14B magnets on the proliferation of human oral mucosal fibroblasts. Uncoated Nd2Fe14B magnets were stored in saline at 37°C for 6 months and the corrosion products collected. 100 μL of a cell suspension (human oral mucosal fibroblasts [4 × 104 cell/mL]) was aliquoted into 72 wells of a 96-well plate, the remaining plates receiving culture medium only. After 12 h incubation at 37°C, each well then received 100 μL of either (A) culture medium, (B) 100% CP, (C) 50%, or (D) 0% CP. The plates were reincubated at 37°C for a further 48, 96 or 144 h. Fibroblast proliferation was assessed using the methylene blue uptake/elution technique. The compounds in the corrosion product were examined using quantitative X-ray analysis. Statistical analysis (ANOVA, Bonferroni's test 0.05, SAS v 6.04), showed that at each time point, the cell numbers in groups B, C. and D were significantly lower than group A. Within groups B, C, and D no significant differences were found, despite the suggestion of a dose response effect. Fibroblast proliferation in the presence of corrosion products was significantly lower than with culture medium. Fibroblast proliferation did occur in the presence of 0, 50, and 100% CP. The actual corrosion products appeared to be salts of iron but 3.2% (±0.6) of neodymium chloride (NDCl3) was found. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770060309
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural features of poly(alkylene ether carbonate) diols and intermediates formed during their preparation (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 1491-1511 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Capillary vapor-phase chromatography and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) have been used to elucidate the structure of poly(ethylene ether carbonate) diols and certain intermediates produced by the oligomerization of ethylene carbonate (EC) using monoethylene glycol (MEG) or diethylene glycol (DEG) as initiator and catalyzed by sodium stannate trihydrate. These diols are alternating copolymers of carbon dioxide and DEG which also contain smaller amounts of higher glycols as determined by comparing their 13C NMR spectra to the spectra of model compounds. Diethylene glycol is an important reaction intermediate and is present in steady-state concentrations. Although both 2-hydroxyethyl carbonate and 2-hydroxyethyl ether end groups are present at an intermediate stage in the reaction, only 2-hydroxyethyl ether end groups are present at high EC conversion. Molecular weight builds as a smooth function of conversion and time.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070370605
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binding of heavy metal ions by formaldehyde-polymerized peanut skins (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 379-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Peanut skin, when treated with formaldehyde to polymerize tannins, is a highly efficient substrate for removal of many heavy metal ions from aqueous waste solutions. The ions Ag1+, Cd2+, Cr6+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, as well as Ca2+ and Mg2+, were contacted with formaldehyde-treated peanut skin. Quantitative removal could be achieved with Ag1+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+. Capacity of the substrate for ions was promising for Pb2+ (2.1 meq/g substrate), Cu2+ (3.0 meq/g), and Cd2+ (1.3 meq/g). Sorption from a solution containing Cd2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, on a packed column of formaldehyde-treated peanut skin indicated that Hg2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+ were rapidly and completely bound to the packing, while Cd2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ were poorly bound until the preferred ions had been removed from solution.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1978.070220207
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of light metal ions on the sorption of heavy metal ions on natural polymers (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 1027-1035 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Dried ground formaldehyde-treated peanut skins, white ash bark, and So. Wisconsin red maple bark are efficient substrates for removal of many heavy metal ions from waste streams, but possible interference by common light metal cations has never been determined. The influence of Ca2+, Mg2+, or Na+ on the removal of the heavy metal ions Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ by the above substrates was studied in both batch and packed-column experiments. It was found that Pb2+ and Cu2+ were minimally affected by the presence of these light metal ions in solution, while the uptake of Cd2+ and Zn2+ was significantly reduced. Calcium ion produced the greatest effect of the light metals tested.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070230407
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Removal of trace quantities of nickel from solution (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 727-732 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Chitosan, which is produced from the natural polymer chitin, is a much more efficient scavenger of nickel ion than other natural ion exchange materials tested. An industrial waste containing about 7 ppm Ni2+ and 10,000 ppm Na+ was reduced to less than 0.1 ppm Ni2+ by contact in a packed column of chitosan. Capacity of the chitosan substrate under these conditions was a little more than 1 meq/g. The substrate can be regenerated by contact with buffered NH4Cl at pH 10. The high sodium content of the nickel waste did not prevent sorption of Ni2+, but it apparently produced an interference with atomic absorption spectrophotometer analyses, giving a spurious reading of 0.8 ppm Ni2+ when the major nickel line at 232 nm was used for analysis.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070230307
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surgical suture-canine tissue interaction for six common suture types (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 2 (1968), S. 215-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Maximum extraction stress and integrated extraction work were measured for sutures implanted for 3, 7, and 14 day periods. Six common non-absorbable sutures, representative of braided and monofilamentary forms, were implanted subdermally and were used for cutaneous incision closure with purebred pointer dogs. The data show: (1) Braided sutures, polyester/Teflon, silk-type B, and silk-silicone interacted with peripheral tissue to a significantly greater degree than the monofilamentary types, nylon, polypropylene, and polyethylene; (2) polyester-Teflon braided suture interacted to a lesser degree than the other braided sutures; (3) the relatively intense interaction of plain silk and silicone-treated silk appears to reflect the combined effects of mechanical aspects of braiding and of biochemical response; and (4) all braided sutures swelled over the implantation periods with as much as a 70% increase in diameter after 14 days for silk.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820020205
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distinguishing wear and creep in clinically retrieved polyethylene inserts (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 29 (1995), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: There is an increasing awareness of the clinical problems associated with ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear and failure in orthopedics. To better understand the reasons for wear and failure, methods were developed using polarized light microscopic analysis and backscattered electron (BSE) imaging with correlated elemental analysis to distinguish the contributions of wear, creep, and third-body particulate. This study determined that microscopic metal particles (〈10 μm) previously not observed with the stereomicroscope could be easily observed with the BSE technique. BSE imaging identified embedded metal in 5/5 of the tibial and 2/4 of the acetabular inserts, which were thought to be free of metal debris after stereoscopic examination. Correlated elemental analysis showed that the microscopic particles could be traced to the elements known to be present in the porous coatings of the retrieved uncemented implants. Creep was distinguished from wear in the total hip and total knee inserts by using polarized light microscopic techniques. Continued development of polarized light microscopic techniques applied in this investigation should assist biomaterials experts in the future to better distinguish wear and creep in retrieved clinical inserts. The correlated BSE and elemental analysis will assist in determining the roll of microscopic third-body particular in wear and osteolysis in total joint replacement. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820290102
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