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  • GEOPHYSICS  (5)
  • Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics  (4)
  • Earth Resources and Remote Sensing  (2)
  • 1
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    Antarctic ozone - Meteoric control of HNO3 (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Atmospheric circulation leads to an accumulation of debris from meteors in the Antarctic stratosphere at the beginning of austral spring. The major component of meteoric material is alkaline, comprised predominantly of the oxides of magnesium and iron. These metals may neutralize the natural acidity of stratospheric aerosols, remove nitric acid from the gas phase, and bond it as metal nitrates in the aerosol phase. Removal of nitric acid vapor has been previously shown to be a critical link in the photochemical depletion of ozone in the Antarctic spring, by allowing for increased catalytic loss from chlorine and bromine.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 15; 1-4
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Low Frequency High Amplitude Temperature Oscillations in Loop Heat Pipe Operation (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper presents viewgraphs on the low frequency high amplitude temperature oscillations observed in loop heat pipe operations. The topics include: 1) Proposed Theory; 2) Test Loop and Test Results; and 3) Effects of Various Parameters. The author also presents a short summary on the conditiions that must be met in order to sustain a low frequency high amplitude temperature oscillation.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: International Two-Phase Thermal Control Technology Workshop 2003; Sep 15, 2003 - Sep 17, 2003; Noordwijk; Netherlands
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  • 3
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    In-Flight Performance of the TES Loop Heat Pipe Rejection System: Seven Years in Space (2012)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) instrument heat rejection system has been operating in space for nearly 8 years since launched on NASA's EOS Aura Spacecraft. The instrument is an infrared imaging fourier transform spectrometer with spectral coverage of 3.2 to 15.4 microns. The loop heat pipe (LHP) based heat rejection system manages all of the instrument components waste heat including the two mechanical cryocoolers and their drive electronics. Five propylene LHPs collect and transport the instrument waste heat to the near room temperature nadir viewing radiators. During the early months of the mission, ice contamination of the cryogenic surfaces including the focal planes led to increased cryocooler loads and the need for periodic decontamination cycles. Focal plane decontamination cycles require power cycling both cryocoolers which also requires the two cryocooler LHPs to turn off and on during each cycle. To date, the cryocooler LHPs have undergone 24 start-ups in orbit successfully. This paper reports on the TES cryocooler loop heat pipe based heat rejection system performance. After a brief overview of the instrument thermal design, the paper presents detailed data on the highly successful space operation of the loop heat pipes since instrument turn-on in 2004. The data shows that the steady-state and transient operation of the LHPs has not changed since 2004 and shows consistent and predictable performance. The LHP based heat rejection system has provided a nearly constant heat rejection heat sink for all of its equipment which has led to exceptional overall instrument performance with world class science.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: 42nd International Conference on Environmental Systems; Feb 13, 2012 - Feb 15, 2012; San Diego, CA; United States
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  • 4
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    The CubeSat Infrared Atmospheric Sounder (CIRAS), Pathfinder for the Earth Observing Nanosatellite-Infrared (EON-IR) (2016)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The CubeSat Infrared Atmospheric Sounder (CIRAS) will measure upwelling infrared radiation of the Earth in the MWIR region of the spectrum from space on a CubeSat. CIRAS will demonstrate two new infrared sounding technologies. The first is a 2D array of High Operating Temperature Barrier Infrared Detector (HOT-BIRD) material, selected for its high uniformity, low cost, low noise and higher operating temperatures than traditional materials. The detectors are hybridized to a commercial ROIC and commercial camera electronics. The second technology is an MWIR Grating Spectrometer (MGS) to be designed and developed by Ball Aerospace to provide imaging spectroscopy for atmospheric sounding in a CubeSat volume. The MGS has no moving parts and is based on heritage spectrometers including the Ball Aerospace Spaceborne Infrared Atmospheric Sounder for GEO (SIRAS-G) IIP of 2007. JPL will develop the mechanical, electronic and thermal subsystems for CIRAS. The spacecraft will be a commercially available CubeSat. The integrated system will be a complete 6U CubeSat capable of measuring temperature and water vapor profiles with good lower tropospheric sensitivity. The CIRAS is the first step towards the development of an Earth Observing Nanosatellite Infrared (EON-IR) for potential use in a future operational forecasting system.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: SSC16-WK-32 , JPL-CL-16-2590 , AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites; Aug 06, 2016 - Aug 11, 2016; Logan, UT; United States
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  • 5
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    Sideload vanes for fluid pump (2010)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A fluid pump assembly includes a rotatable component that can be rotated about an axis and a static vane assembly located adjacent to the rotatable component. The static vane assembly includes a circumferential surface axially spaced from the rotatable component, and one or more vanes extending from the circumferential surface toward the rotatable component. The one or more vanes are configured to produce a radial load on the rotatable component when the rotatable component is rotating about the axis and a fluid is present between the static vane assembly and the rotatable component.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    JPL Advanced Thermal Control Technology Roadmap - 2012 (2012)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: NASA's new emphasis on human exploration program for missions beyond LEO requires development of innovative and revolutionary technologies. Thermal control requirements of future NASA science instruments and missions are very challenging and require advanced thermal control technologies. Limited resources requires organizations to cooperate and collaborate; government, industry, universities all need to work together for the successful development of these technologies.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: 2012 Spacecraft Thermal Control Workshop; Mar 20, 2012; El Segundo, CA; United States
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  • 7
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    Interpreting Space-Based Trends in Carbon Monoxide with Multiple Models (2016)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We use a series of chemical transport model and chemistry climate model simulations to investigate the observed negative trends in MOPITT CO over several regions of the world, and to examine the consistency of timedependent emission inventories with observations. We find that simulations driven by the MACCity inventory, used for the Chemistry Climate Modeling Initiative (CCMI), reproduce the negative trends in the CO column observed by MOPITT for 2000-2010 over the eastern United States and Europe. However, the simulations have positive trends over eastern China, in contrast to the negative trends observed by MOPITT. The model bias in CO, after applying MOPITT averaging kernels, contributes to the model-observation discrepancy in the trend over eastern China. This demonstrates that biases in a model's average concentrations can influence the interpretation of the temporal trend compared to satellite observations. The total ozone column plays a role in determining the simulated tropospheric CO trends. A large positive anomaly in the simulated total ozone column in 2010 leads to a negative anomaly in OH and hence a positive anomaly in CO, contributing to the positive trend in simulated CO. These results demonstrate that accurately simulating variability in the ozone column is important for simulating and interpreting trends in CO.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN34769 , Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (e-ISSN 1680-7324); 16; 11; 7285-7924
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  • 8
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    The role of chlorine chemistry in Antarctic ozone loss - Implications of new kinetic data (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: New kinetic data yielding a slower formation rate and larger absorption cross sections of Cl2O2 are incorporated into a photochemical model to reassess the role of chlorine chemistry in accounting for the ozone reductions derived from TOMS observations in different regions of the Antarctic polar vortex during 1987. The model is further constrained by existing measurements from the Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment and the National Ozone Expedition II. Calculated concentrations of ClO based on the new kinetic data increase by almost a factor of two between the collar and core regions of the vortex during the second half of September. The calculated ozone reductions in the vortex core appear to be consistent with the TOMS observations in spite of the slower rate for the self-reaction of ClO.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 17; 255-258
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  • 9
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    Impact of biomass burning on tropospheric CO and OH - A two-dimensional study (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Results are presented from a 2D model of the troposphere and stratosphere which allows the derivation of a budget for CO, as well as the assessment of contributions from different sources in maintaining observed CO concentrations. Attention is given to the results of a time-dependent calculation which evaluates the impact of present-day biomass burning on CO, OH, and CH4, as well as the time constants for the system to respond to changes in the biomass source.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 10
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    Chlorine chemistry in the Antarctic stratosphere - Impact of OClO and Cl2O2 and implications for observations (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Theories have been proposed to relate the reduction of O3 during Antarctic spring to catalytic cycles involving chlorine and bromine species. A necessary condition for any chlorine-catalyzed scheme is that a large fraction of the chlorine must be in the form of ClO in the lower stratosphere. It has been suggested that these high levels of ClO could be maintained by fast heterogeneous reactions, whose rates are not known at present. Model calculations based on the above mechanisms predict considerable amounts of OClO and Cl2O2, particularly during the night. Results of calculations of the diurnal variations of ClO, OClO, and Cl2O2 during Antarctic spring are presented for different cases. Results from the calculations suggest that coincident measurements of the total column abundance and diurnal variation of ClO and OClO may help constrain key aspects of the proposed chemical mechanisms. Removal of O3 by the catalytic cycle involving Cl2O2 could be as important as that involving BrO for present levels of chlorine, provided that Cl2O2 photolyzes rapidly to yield Cl and ClO2. It is shown that there is no synergy between these two cycles, since they both compete for the available ClO.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: (ISSN 0094-8276); 13; 1292-129
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