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  • ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES  (1)
  • Engineering General  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: ELECTROCHEMICAL-IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY ; ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES ; OXIDE FILMS ; DEFECTS ; STAINLESS STEELS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Oxide films formed on three stainless steels(UNS S30403; S44600; S30815) in air at 800°C werecharacterized by electrochemical-impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The film evolution vs. oxidation time wasinvestigated from 1 to 1000 hr. A three-electrodeelectrochemical cell and 0.1 MNa2SO4 solution were employed forEIS measurements. The spectra were interpreted in termsof a two-layer model of the films, where the capacitance and resistance obtained can berelated to the thickness (or roughness) anddefectiveness of the films. The results reveal that theoxide on S30403 grows and becomes defective, the oxideon S44600 thickens rapidly and retains its protectiveability for a relatively long time, and the oxide onS30815 remains thin and resistive. The two-layer modelis supported by surface characterization with SEM/EDS and in-depth profile of the oxide filmsobtained through glow discharge optical emissionspectroscopy (GDOES).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 14 (1992), S. 1311-1323 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Steady Navier-Stokes equations ; Flux difference splitting ; Multigrid methods ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The steady Navier-Stokes equations in primitive variables are discretized in conservative form by a vertex-centred finite volume method Flux difference splitting is applied to the convective part to obtain an upwind discretization. The diffusive part is discretized in the central way.In its first-order formulation, flux difference splitting leads to a discretization of so-called vector positive type. This allows the use of classical relaxation methods in collective form. An alternating line Gauss-Seidel relaxation method is chosen here. This relaxation method is used as a smoother in a multigrid method. The components of this multigrid method are: full approximation scheme with F-cycles, bilinear prolongation, full weighting for residual restriction and injection of grid functions.Higher-order accuracy is achieved by the flux extrapolation method. In this approach the first-order convective fluxes are modified by adding second-order corrections involving flux limiting. Here the simple MinMod limiter is chosen. In the multigrid formulation the second-order discrete system is solved by defect correction.Computational results are shown for the well known GAMM backward-facing step problem and for a channel with a half-circular obstruction.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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