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  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (4)
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  • 1
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    An analysis of short pulse and dual frequency radar techniques for measuring ocean wave spectra from satellites (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A four frequency moment characterization of backscatter from the near-vertical is applied to an analysis of the short pulse and dual frequency microwave techniques. The range reflectivity modulation spectrum closely approximates the directional wave slope spectrum, while harmonic distortion is small and is a minimum near 10 deg incidence. The short pulse measurement signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is typically greater than the narrowband dual frequency SNR, with the difference being the ratio of the range beam extent to pulse length, minus the ratio of beam-limited to pulse-limited Doppler spreads. It is concluded that dual frequency measurements are basically impractical, although short pulse measurements are useful and can employ existing space-qualified microwave hardware.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Radio Science; 16; Nov
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Oceanographic measurement capabilities of the NASA P-3 aircraft (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Instrumentation on NASA P3 aircraft available to provide ground truth for ERS-1 is described. The wave sensors include the 36 GHz Surface Contour Radar (SCR), the Ku-band Radar Ocean Wave Spectrometer (ROWS), and the Airborne Oceanographic Lidar. The other sensors include a C-band scatterometer, video camera, radiation thermometer, and AXRTs. The SCR and ROWS directional spectrum measurements are discussed. When planning for an underflight mission, the limited endurance of the aircraft (6 hr) and flight cost (2.7 K$/hr) must be considered. The advantage of the redundancy afforded by the several wave instruments is another important consideration.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: ESA Proceedings of an ESA Workshop on ERS-1 Wind and Wave Calibration; p 111-121
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Directional spectra of ocean waves from microwave backscatter: A physical optics solution with application to the short-pulse and two-frequency measurement techniques (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Two simple microwave radar techniques that are potentially capable of providing routine satellite measurements of the directional spectrum of ocean waves were developed. One technique, the short pulse technique, makes use of very short pulses to resolve ocean surface wave contrast features in the range direction; the other technique, the two frequency correlation technique makes use of coherency in the transmitted waveform to detect the large ocean wave contrast modulation as a beat or mixing frequency in the power backscattered at two closely separated microwave frequencies. A frequency domain analysis of the short pulse and two frequency systems shows that the two measurement systems are essentially duals; they each operate on the generalized (three frequency) fourth-order statistical moment of the surface transfer function in different, but symmetrical ways, and they both measure the same directional contrast modulation spectrum. A three dimensional physical optics solution for the fourth-order moment was obtained for backscatter in the near vertical, specular regime, assuming Gaussian surface statistics.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-80295
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Aircraft and satellite measurement of ocean wave directional spectra using scanning-beam microwave radars (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A microwave radar technique for remotely measuring the vector wave number spectrum of the ocean surface is described. The technique, which employs short-pulse, noncoherent radars in a conical scan mode near vertical incidence, is shown to be suitable for both aircraft and satellite application, the technique was validated at 10 km aircraft altitude, where we have found excellent agreement between buoy and radar-inferred absolute wave height spectra.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-84008 , NAS 1.15:84008 , Wave Dyn. and Radio Probing of the Ocean Surface Symp.; May 14, 1981 - May 20, 1981; Miami, FL; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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