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  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (11)
  • 1
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    Linear mixing model applied to coarse spatial resolution data from multispectral satellite sensors (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A linear mixing model was applied to coarse spatial resolution data from the NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer. The reflective component of the 3.55-3.95 micron channel was used with the two reflective channels 0.58-0.68 micron and 0.725-1.1 micron to run a constrained least squares model to generate fraction images for an area in the west central region of Brazil. The fraction images were compared with an unsupervised classification derived from Landsat TM data acquired on the same day. The relationship between the fraction images and normalized difference vegetation index images show the potential of the unmixing techniques when using coarse spatial resolution data for global studies.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: International Journal of Remote Sensing (ISSN 0143-1161); 14; 11; p. 2231-2240.
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  • 2
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    Calibration of the AVHRR visible and near IR channels using radiances measured over remote ocean areas (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: An inflight absolute calibration method has been adapted and applied to channel 1 of the AVHRR. The approach is based on AVHRR observations in channels 1, 2 and 4. A rigorous cloud screening is performed, based on the homogeneity of the data in channel 1 and 2 and on the temperature in channel 4. In a combined approach, the off-nadir view satellite count in channel 2 is used to detect the aerosol optical thickness and loading and the count of channel 1 is used to calibrate this channel, based on the predictable Rayleigh scattering component. Water vapor data are used, and the channels are intercalibrated using the ratio between channels 1 and 2 over the glint region.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: In: IGARSS '92; Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Houston, TX, May 26-29, 1992. Vol. 1 (A93-47551 20-43); p. 9-11.
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  • 3
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    Atmospheric correction algorithm for NOAA-AVHRR products - Theory and application (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The present evaluation of the effects of atmospheric constituents on NOAA AVHRR visible and near-IR data first gives attention to the general remote sensing equation and then addresses the magnitude of the atmospheric effects for AVHRR solar bands with respect to their impact on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the surface bidirectional reflectance. Possible approaches to the acquisition of atmospheric data are then considered, and examples of atmospheric correction of surface reflectance and NDVI are discussed. The correction of the aerosol effect is essential in the case of NDVI study of densely vegetated areas.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0196-2892); 30; 2, Ma
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  • 4
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    A comparison of Stokes parameters for sky and a soybean canopy (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: An evaluation of the polarization signatures obtained from the four Stokes parameters is reported for the atmosphere and a soybean canopy. The polarimeter design and operation are set forth, and the Stokes parameters' relationships are discussed. The canopy polarization was different from the sky at azimuths of 90 and 270 degrees, demonstrating a response that reflecting the sky polarization signatures across a plane parallel to the polarization axis and passing through a phase angle of about 90 degrees would produce. Classical behavior in terms of electromagnetic theory was found in the fourth Stokes parameter of the canopy which was obtained in the principal plane. Only the third Stokes parameter is demonstrated to be unambiguously affected in a comparison of sky polarization signatures and aerosol optical densities. The similarity between the sky at azimuth 180 degrees and the soybean canopy data at the principal plane is interesting considering the disparity of the subjects.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: International Journal of Remote Sensing (ISSN 0143-1161); 12; 1087-109
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  • 5
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    Characteristics of maximum-value composite images from temporal AVHRR data (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Red and near-infrared satellite data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer sensor have been processed over several days and combined to produce spatially continuous cloud-free imagery over large areas with sufficient temporal resolution to study green-vegetation dynamics. The technique minimizes cloud contamination, reduces directional reflectance and off-nadir viewing effects, minimizes sun-angle and shadow effects, and minimizes aerosol and water-vapor effects. The improvement is highly dependent on the state of the atmosphere, surface-cover type, and the viewing and illumination geometry of the sun, target and sensor. An example from southern Africa showed an increase of 40 percent from individual image values tothe final composite image. Limitations associated with the technique are discussed, and recommendations are given to improve this approach.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: International Journal of Remote Sensing (ISSN 0143-1161); 7; 1417-143
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  • 6
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    Satellite detection of tropical burning in Brazil (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Tropical burning often occurs in remote areas of the world. Satellite remote sensing is the only practical solution for detecting and monitoring this burning. The capability of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer on board the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration polar orbiting satellites to detect tropical fire activity in the Manaus, Brazil area is demonstrated.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: International Journal of Remote Sensing (ISSN 0143-1161); 8; 509-516
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  • 7
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    Linear mixing model applied to AVHRR LAC data (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: A linear mixing model was applied to coarse spatial resolution data from the NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer. The reflective component of the 3.55 - 3.93 microns channel was extracted and used with the two reflective channels 0.58 - 0.68 microns and 0.725 - 1.1 microns to run a Constraine Least Squares model to generate vegetation, soil, and shade fraction images for an area in the Western region of Brazil. The Landsat Thematic Mapper data covering the Emas National park region was used for estimating the spectral response of the mixture components and for evaluating the mixing model results. The fraction images were compared with an unsupervised classification derived from Landsat TM data acquired on the same day. The relationship between the fraction images and normalized difference vegetation index images show the potential of the unmixing techniques when using coarse resolution data for global studies.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: INPE, The 7th Brazilian Remote Sensing Symposium, Volume 2; p 102-115
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  • 8
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    Linear mixing model applied to coarse resolution satellite data (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: A linear mixing model typically applied to high resolution data such as Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer, Thematic Mapper, and Multispectral Scanner System is applied to the NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer coarse resolution satellite data. The reflective portion extracted from the middle IR channel 3 (3.55 - 3.93 microns) is used with channels 1 (0.58 - 0.68 microns) and 2 (0.725 - 1.1 microns) to run the Constrained Least Squares model to generate fraction images for an area in the west central region of Brazil. The derived fraction images are compared with an unsupervised classification and the fraction images derived from Landsat TM data acquired in the same day. In addition, the relationship betweeen these fraction images and the well known NDVI images are presented. The results show the great potential of the unmixing techniques for applying to coarse resolution data for global studies.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Universities Space Research Association, Goddard Visiting Scientist Program for the Space and Earth Sciences Directorate; 21 p
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Sunphotometer network for monitoring aerosol properties in the Brazilian Amazon (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Satellite platforms have provided a methodology for regional and global remote sensing of aerosols. New systems will significantly improve that capability during the EOS era; however, the voluminous 20 year record of satellite data has produced only regional snapshots of aerosol loading and have not yielded a data base of the optical properties of those aerosols which are fundamental to our understanding of their influence on climate change. The prospect of fully understanding the properties of the aerosols with respect to climate change is small without validation and augmentation by ancillary ground based observations. Sun photometry was demonstrated to be an effective tool for ground based measurements of aerosol optical properties from fire emissions. Newer technology has expanded routine sun photometer measurements to spectral observations of solar aureole and almucantar allowing retrievals of size distribution, scattering phase function, and refractive index. A series of such observations were made in Brazil's Amazon basin from a network of six simultaneously recording instruments deployed in Sep. 1992. The instruments were located in areas removed from local aerosol sources such that sites are representative of regional aerosol conditions. The overall network was designed to cover the counter clockwise tropospheric circulation of the Amazon Basin. Spectral measurements of sun, aureole and sky data for retrieval of aerosol optical thickness, particle size distribution, and scattering phase function as well as measurements of precipitable water were made during noncloudy conditions.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: INPE, The 7th Brazilian Remote Sensing Symposium, Volume 3; p 54-55
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  • 10
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    Estimation of emittances and surface temperatures from AVHRR data (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An approach to the estimation of surface temperatures and emissivities using AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) data acquired near noon is presented. Thermal data in channels 3, 4, and 5 were used to estimate the reflective component in 3. For three water bodies in Oregon the average emittances found for channels 3 and 4 were 0.979 and 0.991, respectively. Also studied were agricultural sites and forests, comprising both primary (PF) and secondary (SF) types. For the agricultural sites, the average emittances were 0.919 and 0.943 for channels 3 and 4. For the PF and SF the results were 0.976 and 0.983 for channel 3 and 0.988 and 0.995 for channel 4.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: IGARSS ''91: Annual International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium; Jun 03, 1991 - Jun 06, 1991; Espoo; Finland
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