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  • Other Sources  (6)
  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (6)
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  • 1
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    Estimation of shortwave hemispherical reflectance (albedo) from bidirectionally reflected radiance data (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: An equation for estimating albedo from bidirectional reflectance data is proposed. The estimates of albedo are found to be greater than values obtained with simultaneous pyranometer measurements. Particular attention is given to potential sources of systematic errors including extrapolation of bidirectional reflectance data out to a view zenith angle of 90 deg, the use of inappropriate weighting coefficients in the numerator of the albedo equation, surface shadowing caused by the A-frame instrumentation used to measure the incoming and outgoing radiation fluxes, errors in estimates of the denominator of the proposed albedo equation, and a 'hot spot' contribution in bidirectional data measured by a modular multiband radiometer.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote Sensing of Environment (ISSN 0034-4257); 38; 123-134
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Comparison of measured and modeled radiation, heat and water vapor fluxes: FIFE pilot study (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The feasibility of using radio frequency receivers to collect data from automated weather stations to model fluxes of latent heat, sensible heat, and radiation using routine weather data collected by automated weather stations was tested and the estimated fluxes were compared with fluxes measured over wheat. The model Cupid was used to model the fluxes. Two or more automated weather stations, interrogated by radio frequency and other means, were utilized to examine some of the climatic variability of the First ISLSCP (International Satellite Land-Surface Climatology Project) Field Experiment (FIFE) site, to measure and model reflected and emitted radiation streams from various locations at the site and to compare modeled latent and sensible heat fluxes with measured values. Some bidirectional reflected and emitted radiation data were collected from 23 locations throughout the FIFE site. Analysis of these data along with analysis of the measured sensible and latent heat fluxes is just beginning.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-179989 , NAS 1.26:179989 , CAMAC-87-1
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Modeling energy and mass fluxes from prairie canopies (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The main emphasis of this research project is on partitioning of mass and energy fluxes between vegetation and soil at the FIFE site, preparation of data from the FIFE Information System for an international thermal data set comparison, and studying the relation between surface temperatures observed from satellites and in situ measurements of surface temperature.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-191801 , NAS 1.26:191801
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Measuring and modeling near surface reflected and emitted radiation fluxes at the FIFE site (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Research was conducted during the four Intensive Field Campaigns (IFC) of the FIFE project in 1987. The research was done on a tall grass prairie with specific measurement sites on and near the Konza Prairie in Kansas. Measurements were made to help meet the following objectives: determination of the variability in reflected and emitted radiation fluxes in selected spectral wavebands as a function of topography and vegetative community; development of techniques to account for slope and sun angle effects on the radiation fluxes; estimation of shortwave albedo and net radiation fluxes using the reflected and emitted spectral measurements described; estimation of leaf and canopy spectral properties from calculated normalized differences coupled with off-nadir measurements using inversion techniques; estimation of plant water status at several locations with indices utilizing plant temperature and other environmental parameters; and determination of relationships between estimated plant water status and measured soil water content. Results are discussed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-182660 , NAS 1.26:182660 , CAMAC-PR-88-2
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  • 5
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    Bidirectional reflectance modeling of non-homogeneous plant canopies (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The objective of this research is to develop a 3-dimensional radiative transfer model for predicting the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) for heterogeneous vegetation canopies. Leaf bidirectional reflectance and transmittance distribution functions were measured for corn and soybean leaves. The measurements clearly show that leaves are complex scatterers and considerable specular reflectance is possible. Because of the character of leaf reflectance, true leaf reflectance is larger than the nadir reflectances that are normally used to represent leaves. A 3-dimensional reflectance model, named BIGAR (Bidirectional General Array Model), was developed and compared with measurements from corn and soybean. The model is based on the concept that heterogeneous canopies can be described by a combination of many subcanopies, which contain all the foliage, and these subcanopy envelopes can be characterized by ellipsoids of various sizes and shapes. The model/measurement comparison results indicate that this relatively simple model captures the essential character of row crop BRDF's. Finally, two soil BDRF models were developed: one represents soil particles as rectangular blocks and the other represents soil particles as spheres. The sphere model was found to be superior.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-181350 , NAS 1.26:181350
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  • 6
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    Prediction and measurement of soil bidirectional reflectance (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The present model for soil bidirectional reflectance distribution functions in the visible and reflective IR ranges is based on a representation of soil surfaces by a collection of opaque spheres atop a Lambertian horizontal surface. The model is not sensitive to increases in the sphere area index beyond a value of 0.4. Observed soil reflectance factor data for a tilled field are noted to be consistent with those predicted by the model's expression of soil reflectance as a function of the horizontal area obscured by a sphere, the amount of surface in shadow, and relative brightness of a sphere, and the fraction of diffuse illumination.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0196-2892); 30; 2, Ma; 249-260
    Format: text
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