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  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (19)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (14)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of methyl methacrylate by catalyzed peroxide decomposition without applied heat (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 2771-2782 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The exotherm for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate was monitored by a simple thermal technique to gain useful information about the effect of several factors on the polymerization rate and the degree of completion. All reactions were begun at room temperature (24°C) and no external heating was provided. Initiation was by decomposition of benzoyl peroxide (and mixtures with lauroyl peroxide) catalyzed by the accelerator N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine. Specific factors examined were peroxide and accelerator levels, sample size, peroxide combinations, and crosslinking agents. The results are discussed in terms of the stoichiometry of the initiator system; the balance of heat generation, heat capacity, and heat loss; and the autoacceleration effect.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1973.070170914
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of MBS emulsion particles in immiscible polystyrene/SAN blends (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 225-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of mixing technique and sequence on the distribution of methacrylated-butadienestyrene (MBS) emulsion particles in immiscible blends of polystyrene (PS) and a styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) was examined using transmission electron microscopy. The shell of the emulsion particle is essentially poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), which is miscible with SAN but immiscible with PS. In simple thermodynamic terms, the MBS particle should have an affinity for SAN over PS. It was found, however, that the sequence of mixing had a strong influence on the location of the MBS particles. If the PS-SAN interface is established before the addition of the MBS particles, the MBS particles are located exclusively in the SAN phase. If the MBS particles are present at the time the PS-SAN interface is formed, then the particles line up at the interface.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070370117
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical behavior of dual-rubber-modified SAN (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 35 (1988), S. 1563-1571 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The use of either an SBS block copolymer or an emulsion-made methyl-methacrylate-grafted rubber alone failed to give any significant increase in the toughness of brittle poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN), even at concentrations up to 50%. However, a combination of the two rubber modifiers produced a strong synergistic toughening. All specimens were prepared by injection molding; however, annealing to relax orientation did not significantly alter this synergistic effect. The use of mechanical dilatometry showed that post-yield deformation of blends containing both modifiers involved some crazing just after yielding but subsequent deformation was mostly due to shear yielding. Addition of SBS alone to SAN resulted in a mixed crazing/shear yielding mode of post-yield deformation with the relative proportions of the two mechanisms being constant up to failure. In contrast, the small emulsion graft particles alone gave rise to a predominant shear yielding deformation. A qualitative mechanism for the synergism is discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1988.070350613
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blends of imidized acrylic polymers with SAN copolymers and with PVC (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 513-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of imidized acrylic polymers of varying structural composition generated by reaction of methylamine with poly(methyl methacrylate) were blended with a range of styrene/acrylonitrile or SAN copolymers (0-33% AN) and with poly(vinyl chloride). On the basis of glass transition behavior determined by differential scanning calorimetry, some but not all imidized acrylic structures were found to be miscible with PVC and with SAN copolymers within a limited window of AN levels. Acid functionality in the imidized acrylics appears to hinder their miscibility with SAN rather significantly and with PVC to a lesser extent. Miscible SAN blends showed lower critical solution temperature behavior whereas miscible blends with PVC did not up to the highest attainable temperatures. The composition factors that influence the phase behavior are described and interpreted in terms of possible mechanisms.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070370217
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oral tolerance: Elucidation of mechanisms and application to treatment of autoimmune diseases (1997)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 43 (1997), S. 323-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: oral tolerance ; hyporesponsiveness ; oral administration of protein ; antigen ; regulatory T cells ; cytokines ; inflammation ; autoimmune diseases ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Oral tolerance is the phenomenon of systemic, antigen specific, immunological hyporesponsiveness that results from oral administration of a protein. The mechanism by which tolerance is generated depends on the amount of antigen administered; low doses favor induction of regulatory T cells while higher doses favor clonal deletion and anergy. The regulatory T cells induced by low doses of oral antigen are triggered by the same antigen to secrete cytokines that suppress, in an antigen nonspecific manner, inflammation in the microenvironment where the triggering antigen is located. This makes possible the targeted delivery of antiinflammatory cytokines to a specific tissue without the requirement for identifying the antigen causing the inflammation. This attribute makes active suppression an attractive mechanism for developing therapies for autoimmune diseases. Orally administered autoantigens have been shown to suppress a wide variety of experimental autoimmune diseases and have recently been applied to the treatment of human autoimmune diseases with promising early results. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 43: 323-335, 1997
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polystyrene modifications. I. Styrene copolymersCommunication No. 2235 from the Kodak Research Laboratories. (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 143-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The Tg of polystyrene was raised by copolymerization with acenaphthylene. Although physical properties of S20A polymer equaled or surpassed those of polystyrene, the addition of butadiene, mineral oil, or isoprene to poly(styrene-co-acenaphthylene) drastically reduced the Tg. The reduction of Tg of S20A by the addition of butadiene was less severe when butadiene was added several hours after the polymerization had begun. The incompatible terpolymers were flexible but showed no improvement in craze resistance. Crazing has been explained as being caused by forces concentrated in regions of irregularities.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070113
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymer concrete and polymer mortar using resins based on recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44 (1992), S. 1649-1655 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Fundamental properties of polymer concrete (PC) and polymer mortar (PM) made from unsaturated polyester resins based on recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET, are described. Mechanical properties investigated include strength, modulus of elasticity, ductility index, Poisson's ratio, coefficient of thermal expansion, shrinkage, and exotherm. Durability properties include chemical resistance, water absorption, sand-blast resistance, and thermal cycles of thin overlays on portland cement concrete slabs. Resins based on recycled PET offer the possibility of a lower source cost for forming useful PC and PM (PC/PM) based products. The recycling of PET in PC and PM would also help alleviate an environmental problem and save energy.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070440919
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polystyrene modifications. II. Ring-substituted polystyrenesCommunication No. 2260 from the Kodak Research Laboratories. (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 897-908 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ring-substituted styrenes were prepared and polymerized. They usually had higher glass transition temperatures than polystyrene. In some disubstituted systems the Tg was an additive function of the individual groups. Crystallinities of methyl-substituted polymers varied, depending upon the ring positions involved. Crazing tendencies were equivalent to those in polystyrene.
    Additional Material: 9 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070309
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polystyrene modifications. III. Copolymers and terpolymers of 2,5-dichlorostyrene and 3,4-dichlorostyreneCommunication No. 2284 from the Kodak Research Laboratories. (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 1531-1541 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thermal properties and resistance to crazing of copolymers and terpolymers of 2,5-dichlorostyrene and 3,4-dichlorostyrene have been studied. Copolymers based on 2,5-dichlorostyrene showed little or no improvement over polystyrene in craze resistance or glass transition temperature. Although copolymers of 3,4-dichlorostyrene were generally brittle and crazed readily, poly(3,4-dichlorostyrene-co-2-ethylhexyl methacrylate) and poly(3,4-dichlorostyrene-co-n-hexyl methacrylate) crazed less readily than polystyrene.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070431
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface impregnation of concrete bridge decks with polymersPresented at the Symposium on Polymer Impregnated Solids, Polymer Division, American Chemical Society Meeting, Chicago, August 1973. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 281-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polymer-impregnated concrete has proven to be a strong and environmentally resistant material with many potential uses. One such application is to impregnate the surface of highway bridge decks to improve their durability. This paper reports on various aspects of research directed toward the objective of developing a practical and economical process for surface treating bridge decks with liquid monomers which subsequently are polymerized. This work has included (1) selection and tailoring the monomer-initiator system, (2) development of application and curing systems, and (3) evaluation of the resulting treatments by many different testing procedures. Considerable progress has been made toward increasing the durability of concrete slabs as shown by laboratory and small-scale field tests and toward developing a practical method of application. Selected aspects of the fundamentals of surface treatments of highway bridge decks and details of the process and product as they have been developed to date will be presented here.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1975.070190123
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