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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (148)
  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (97)
  • SPACE SCIENCES  (76)
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  • 1
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    An improved gravity model for Mars: Goddard Mars Model 1 (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Doppler tracking data of three orbiting spacecraft have been reanalyzed to develop a new gravitational field model for the planet Mars, Goddard Mars Model 1 (GMM-1). This model employs nearly all available data, consisting of approximately 1100 days of S band tracking data collected by NASA's Deep Space Network from the Mariner 9 and Viking 1 and Viking 2 spacecraft, in seven different orbits, between 1971 and 1979. GMM-1 is complete to spherical harmonic degree and order 50, which corresponds to a half-wavelength spatial resolution of 200-300 km where the data permit. GMM-1 represents satellite orbits with considerably better accuracy than previous Mars gravity models and shows greater resolution of identifiable geological structures. The notable improvement in GMM-1 over previous models is a consequence of several factors: improved computational capabilities, the use of otpimum weighting and least squares collocation solution techniques which stabilized the behavior of the solution at high degree and order, and the use of longer satellite arcs than employed in previous solutions that were made possible by improved force and measurement models. The inclusion of X band tracking data from the 379-km altitude, nnear-polar orbiting Mars Observer spacecraft should provide a significant improvement over GMM-1, particularly at high latitudes where current data poorly resolve the gravitational signature of the planet.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; E11; p. 20,871-20,889
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  • 2
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    A high resolution gravity model for Venus - GVM-1 (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A spherical harmonic model of the gravitational field of Venus complete to degree and order 50 has been developed using the S-band Doppler tracking data of the Pioneer Venus Orbiter (PVO) collected between 1979 and 1982. The short wavelengths of this model could only be resolved near the PVO periapse location (about 14 deg N latitude), therefore a priori constraints were applied to the model to bias poorly observed coefficients towards zero. The resulting model has a half-wavelength resolution of 400 km near the PVO periapse location, but the resolution degrades to greater than 1000 km near the poles. This gravity model correlates well with a degree 50 spherical harmonic expansion of the Venus topography derived from a combination of Magellan and PVO data. New tracking data from Magellan's gravity mission should provide some improvement to this model, although a complete model of the Venusian gravity field will depend on tracking of Magellan after the circularization of its orbit using aerobraking.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 20; 7; p. 599-602.
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  • 3
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    Characterization of dust on clear filter from returned Surveyor 3 television camera (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Surveyor 3 landed on the moon in April 1967. Part of the spacecraft was returned to earth in November 1969 by the Apollo 12 astronauts. A stripping film containing dust removed from the camera light filter was received for study. The study involved the characterization of the dust; the results of the study are presented.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 29-46
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  • 4
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    Decision theory and planning of extraterrestrial resource utilization (1967)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-16
    Description: Decision theory and extraterrestrial resource utilization in space mission planning
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER 5TH ANN. MEETING. WORKING GROUP ON EXTRATERREST. RESOURCES 3 MAR. 1967 (SEE N68-17350 08-30) P 99-106
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  • 5
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    The spacecraft antennas (1963)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-26
    Description: Telstar satellite antenna system for microwave and beacon
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
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  • 6
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    A generalized geologic map of Mars (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: A generalized geologic map of Mars has been constructed largely on the basis of differences in the topography of the surface. A number of topographic features on Mars whose form is highly diagnostic of their origin are shown. Of particular note are the shield volcanoes and lava plains. In some areas, the original features have been considerably modified by subsequent erosional and tectonic processes. These have not, however, resulted in homogenization of the planet's surface, but rather have emphasized its variegated character by leaving a characteristic imprint in specific areas. The topography of the planet, therefore, lends itself well to remote geologic interpretation.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: JPL Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 4; p 21-26
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  • 7
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    A possible source for the Martian circumpolar dune material (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: The properties of freeze dried dilute dispersions of dust in water are of considerable interest in studies of sedimentary processes in the polar regions of Mars. The formation of a rind residue due to the sublimation of water ice containing various amounts of clay may be an important step in these processes. Such phenomena may occur as the result of seasonal or long term (climatic) sublimation of dirty ice caps on Mars. The development and disruption of dust residues on the surface of ice dust mixtures as a result of preferential ice sublimation were simulated in the laboratory. The characteristics of the resulting particles are described and a scenario for the formation of a Martian circumpolar dune field is suggested.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Programs; p 163-165
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  • 8
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    The planet crossing asteroid survey: Progress in the analysis of populations and terrestrial-planet cratering rates (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: The Planet-Crossing Asteroid Survey (PCAS) is making steady progress toward the accumulation of the data required to make improved estimates of the populations and cratering rates which can be compared with the existing record of impact events. The PCAS is the chief source of new objects on which to base these calculations over the past decade, and is an integral part of the continuing refinement of the estimates used in planetological applications. An adjunct effort to determine albedo statistics from photometry of UCAS plates is being pursued as well, to better define the magnitude frequency distributions of asteroids. This will improve the quality of the population and collision probability calculations. The survey effort continues to discover new asteroids whose orbital characteristics may reveal the origin and evolution mechanisms reponsible for the transport of the planet-crossing asteroids to the inner solar system.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA. Washington Repts. of Planetary Geol. Program; p 47-50
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  • 9
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    The plasma environment of Uranus (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: An overview of the observational results on the plasma environment at Uranus is given, and the implications of these observations for magnetospheric physics at Uranus are discussed. During the Voyager 2 encounter with Uranus, an extended magnetosphere filled with a tenuous plasma was detected. This low-energy plasma was found to consist of protons and electrons, with no significant heavy ion contribution, and with a density in the regions sampled by the spacecraft of at most three electrons per cubic centimeter. The plasma electrons and ions exhibit both a thermal component (with temperatures of tens of eV) and a hot component (with temperatures of a few keV). The thermal ion component is observed both inside and outside an L-shell value near 5, whereas the hot ion and electron component is excluded from the region inside of that L-shell. The source of the thermal component of the plasma is either the planetary ionosphere or the neutral hydrogen corona surrounding Uranus, whereas the hot component is convected in from the magnetotail, with probably an ionospheric source.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 10
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    Dike emplacement on Venus and on earth (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Attention is given to long linear features visible in SAR images of the surface of Venus. They are shallow graben a few kilometers across. Calculations show that dike emplacement can account for such features if the top of the dikes is a few kilometers below the surface of the planet. The dikes are often curved near their probable sources, and the magnitude of the regional stress field estimated from this curvature is about 3 MPa, or similar to that of earth. On both Venus and earth, dikes often form intersecting patterns. Two-dimensional calculations show that this behavior can occur only if the stress field changes with time. Transport of melt over distances as large as 2000 km in dikes whose width is 30 m or more occurs in some continental shields on earth and can also account for linear features on Venus that extend for comparable distances. Such transport is possible because the viscosity and thermal conductivity of both the melt and the wall rock are small.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; E10; p. 15,977-15,990.
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