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  • snow chemistry  (2)
  • triiodothyronine  (2)
  • Deposition record  (1)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Bufo marinus ; triiodothyronine ; hormonal domain ; aldosterone ; sodium butyrate ; transepithelial sodium transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary In the urinary bladder of the toadBufo marinus, the basal rate of synthesis of a number of proteins was modulated in a bidirectional way (i.e., induced or repressed) by aldosterone and by triiodothyronine (T3). Each hormone was therefore characterized by a distinct domain of response. When both hormones were added simultaneously, the two domains consistently overlapped at least for one protein, termed AIP-1, or aldosterone-induced protein 1 (M r≈65 kilodaltons,p i=6.7, as analyzed by two-dimension gel electrophoresis). The physiological role of AIP-1 is unknown, but could be related to the late mineralocorticoid response. In five experiments, T3 (60nm, 18-hr incubation) consistently repressed AIP-1, while aldosterone-dependent sodium transport (late response) was significantly inhibited, as previously described. The repression of AIP-1 was also observed as early as 6 hr after aldosterone addition. In addition, sodium butyrate (3mm), which was previously shown to also selectively inhibit the late mineralocorticoid response, was also able to repress AIP-1. Our results suggest that AIP-1, is one of the proteins involved in the mediation of the late mineralocorticoid response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: aldosterone ; triiodothyronine ; sodium transport ; mineralocorticoid receptors ; bufo marinus ; down regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary In the urinary bladder of the toadBufo marinus triiodothyronine selectively inhibits the late effect of aldosterone on Na+ transport. We have investigated whether T3 might mediate its antimineralocorticoid action by controlling: i) the level of aldosterone binding sites in the soluble (cytosolic) pool isolated from tissues treated with T3 (60nm) for up to 20 hr of incubation; ii) the kinetics of uptake of3H-aldosterone into cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions after 2 or 20 hr of exposure to T3. The number and the affinity of Type I (high affinity, low capacity) and Type II (low affinity, high capacity) cytosolic binding sites (measured at 0°C) did not vary significantly after 18 hr of exposure to T3, while aldosterone-dependent Na+ transport was significantly inhibited. In addition, T3 did not modify the kinetics of uptake (90 min) of3H-aldosterone into cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of toad bladder incubatedin vitro at 25°C. By contrast, aldosterone itself was able to down-regulate its cytosolic and nuclear binding sites after an 18-hr exposure to the steroid hormone (10 or 80nm). T3 slightly (20%) but significantly potentiated the down regulation of nuclear binding sites. In conclusion, T3 does not appear to have major effects on the regulation of the aldosterone receptor, which could explain in a simple manner its antimineralocorticoid action.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Snow sampling ; snow chemistry ; intercomparison ; Alps
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In order to investigate the seasonal and geographical distribution of snow concentrations anddeposition fluxes of environmentally relevant ionic species in the Alps, the international programSNOSP was initiated. In the framework of this program, intercomparisons of snow samplingtechniques and analytical methods to determine the ionic species C1-, NO 3 - ,SO 4 2- , K+, Na+, NH4 +, Mg2+, and Ca2+, as well as the pH and the specificconductivity were performed. The concentrations of these species in the snow samples collectedin the SNOSP program varied by orders of magnitude with, e.g., concentrations of NO 3 - , SO 4 2- , and NH4 + ranging from 0.2-60, 0.2-90, and 0.1-60 µeq L-1,respectively. The intercomparisons revealed a reasonable agreement of the determinations of thespecies Cl-, NO 3 - , SO 4 2- , Na+, and NH4 + in snow. Results were less satisfactory for K+, Mg2+, Ca2+,and H+, mainly due to the very low concentrations. In conclusion, recommendations areformulated for the reliable derivation of chemical inventories from snow packs.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Snow sampling ; snow chemistry ; intercomparison ; Alps
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In order to investigate the seasonal and geographical distribution of snow concentrations and deposition fluxes of environmentally relevant ionic species in the Alps, the international program SNOSP was initiated. In the framework of this program, intercomparisons of snow sampling techniques and analytical methods to determine the ionic species Cl−, NO3 −, SO4 2−, K+, Na+, NH4 +, Mg2+, and Ca2+, as well as the pH and the specific conductivity were performed. The concentrations of these species in the snow samples collected in the SNOSP program varied by orders of magnitude with, e.g., concentrations of NO3 −, SO4 2−, and NH4 + ranging from 0.2–60, 0.2–90, and 0.1–60μeq L−1, respectively. The intercomparisons revealed a reasonable agreement of the determinations of the species Cl−, NO3 −, SO4 2−, Na+, and NH4 + in snow. Results were less satisfactory for K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and H+, mainly due to the very low concentrations. In conclusion, recommendations are formulated for the reliable derivation of chemical inventories from snow packs.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 603-609 
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Alps ; Chloride ; Deposition record ; Ice core ; Nitrate ; Sulfate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract An ice core from a high-alpine glacier (Grenzgletscher, Colle Gnifetti, Monte Rosa massif, 4450 m a.s.l., Switzerland) was used to reconstruct the pollution history of Central-Europe. Concentrations of the most important acidifying species sulfate and nitrate as well as of chloride were measured in 1151 samples with 5 cm resolution from the top 60 m of a 109 m long firn/ice core. This corresponds to a mean time resolution of 8 (bottom) to 14 (top) data points per year. A 210Pb nuclear dating showed that the ice core covers a time period between 1850–1981 and that the mean accumulation rate was 0.33 m water equivalent per year. Between the two time periods 1850 – 1880 and 1965 – 1981 the mean sulfate concentrations increased by a factor of 5.8±0.9 and for nitrate by a factor of 2.3±0.3. The mean concentrations at the beginning of the industrial time (period 1850 –1880) was 0.078±0.008 mg/l for sulfate and 0.067±0.005 mg/l for nitrate. The mean chloride concentration was 0.047±0.004 mg/l and did not show a trend in concentration over the time period investigated. A distribution analysis of the measured concentrations for the two time periods 1850 – 1865 and 1965 – 1981 was performed which showed that the data have a nearly log-normal distribution.
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