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  • Date/time end; Date/time start; DEPTH, soil; Depth, soil, maximum; Depth, soil, minimum; EXP; Experiment; Experimental plot; Field capacity; Jena Experiment 2006; JenExp; JenExp_2006; Permanent wilting point, soil; The Jena Experiment; Thuringia, Germany; Treatment: aboveground: pesticide; Treatment: below pesticide; Treatment: drought; Treatment: eartworm exclosure; Treatment: fertilizing; Treatment: molluscide; Treatment: mowing; Treatment: nematicide; Treatment: phytometers; Treatment: seed addition; Treatment: special; Treatment: weeding; Treatment: weeding history  (1)
  • continuous soil moisture monitoring  (1)
  • hydrological observations  (1)
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  • 1
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    Toward Large‐Scale Soil Moisture Monitoring Using Rail‐Based Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensing (2023)
    Altdorff, Daniel ; Oswald, Sascha E. ; Zacharias, Steffen ; [et al.]
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-14
    Description: Cosmic ray neutron sensing (CRNS) has become a promising method for soil water content (SWC) monitoring. Stationary CRNS offers hectare‐scale average SWC measurements at fixed locations maintenance‐free and continuous in time, while car‐borne CRNS roving can reveal spatial SWC patterns at medium scales, but only on certain survey days. The novel concept of a permanent mobile CRNS system on rails promises to combine the advantages of both methods, while its technical implementation, data processing and interpretation raised a new level of complexity. This study introduced a fully automatic CRNS rail‐borne system as the first of its kind, installed within the locomotive of a cargo train. Data recorded from September 2021 to July 2022 along an ∼9 km railway segment were analyzed, as repeatedly used by the train, supported by local SWC measurements (soil samples and dielectric methods), car‐borne and stationary CRNS. The results revealed consistent spatial SWC patterns and temporary variation along the track at a daily resolution. The observed variability was mostly related to surface features, seasonal dynamics and different responses of the railway segments to wetting and drying periods, while some variations were related to measurement uncertainties. The achieved medium scale of SWC mapping could support large scale hydrological modeling and detection of environmental risks, such as droughts and wildfires. Hence, rail‐borne CRNS has the chance to become a central tool of continuous SWC monitoring for larger scales (≤10‐km), with the additional benefit of providing root‐zone soil moisture, potentially even in sub‐daily resolution.
    Description: Key Points: The first rail‐borne Cosmic ray neutron sensing system for automatic and continuous soil water content monitoring at the hectare scale is presented. The system provided almost uninterrupted data from September 2021 to July 2022 along a 9 km railway track in the Harz low mountains, Germany. Results showed spatial pattern, related to surface features, seasonal change, and individual responses of railway parts to wetting and drying.
    Description: Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH
    Description: Havelländische Eisenbahn Gesellschaft
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
    Description: Modular Observation Solutions for Earth Systems
    Description: Terrestrial Environmental Observatories in Germany
    Description: https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.7910/DVN/O1MHKR
    Description: http://www.nmdb.eu/
    Keywords: ddc:622.15 ; continuous soil moisture monitoring ; soil moisture products ; hydrological observations ; automatic geophysical roving ; root zone soil water ; time‐series soil water content mapping
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
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    Soil hydraulic properties from the Jena Experiment (Main Experiment, year 2006) (2018)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-03
    Description: This data set contains measurements of soil hydraulic properties, i. e. field capacity and permanent wilting point. Data presented here is from the Main Experiment plots of a large grassland biodiversity experiment (the Jena Experiment; see further details below). In the main experiment, 82 grassland plots of 20 x 20 m were established from a pool of 60 species belonging to four functional groups (grasses, legumes, tall and small herbs). In May 2002, varying numbers of plant species from this species pool were sown into the plots to create a gradient of plant species richness (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 60 species) and functional richness (1, 2, 3, 4 functional groups). Plots were maintained in general by bi-annual weeding and mowing. Since 2010, plot size was reduced to 5 x 6 m and plots were weeded three times per year. Field capacity and permanent wilting point at 10, 20 and 30 cm depth were derived from soil texture data of 2002 and bulk density 2006 by using pedotransfer functions. Soil texture was determined from undisturbed soil cores at 27 locations distributed throughout the experimental site in spring 2002 before plot establishment. Soil cores were taken to 100 cm depth and separated in depth increments with a resolution of ten cm from ground level to 40 cm depth and 20 cm from 40 cm to 100 cm depth. The bulk material was passed through a sieve with 2 mm mesh size and only fine soil was used for the investigation of soil texture. Grain size fractions according to DIN 19683-2 for every sample were then determined at the laboratory for geoecology of Jena University by a combined sieve and hydrometer analysis. Values for each plot were interpolated by ordinary kriging and the interpolated values were used for the investigation of field capacity and permanent wilting point. Soil bulk density was determined from undisturbed soil samples to a depth of 30 cm. Three soil cores per plot were taken with a split tube sampler with an inner diameter of 4.8 cm and separated in depth increments of five cm. The bulk material was passed through a sieve with 2 mm mesh size, dried to constant weight at 40 °C and subsequently weighed to calculate the density. The determination of field capacity and permanent wilting point was based on pedotransfer functions described in Zacharias and Wessolek (2007). Applied was equation four (where sand content 〈= 66.5%) and five (where sand content 〉 66.5 %) to derive the parameters of the water retention curve. Bulk density for 10 cm was obtained by taking the average of the measured bulk density of 5-10 cm and 10-15 cm, similarly for 20 cm. For 30 cm, bulk density was assumed to be equal to the one measured at 25-30 cm. Water contents at field capacity and permanent wilting point were obtained using the van Genuchte Eq (e.g. eq 1 in Zacharias and Wessolek), and calculating water contents at -330 cm matric potential (field capacity, 1/3 of atmospheric pressure) and at - 15000 cm.
    Keywords: Date/time end; Date/time start; DEPTH, soil; Depth, soil, maximum; Depth, soil, minimum; EXP; Experiment; Experimental plot; Field capacity; Jena Experiment 2006; JenExp; JenExp_2006; Permanent wilting point, soil; The Jena Experiment; Thuringia, Germany; Treatment: aboveground: pesticide; Treatment: below pesticide; Treatment: drought; Treatment: eartworm exclosure; Treatment: fertilizing; Treatment: molluscide; Treatment: mowing; Treatment: nematicide; Treatment: phytometers; Treatment: seed addition; Treatment: special; Treatment: weeding; Treatment: weeding history
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 4920 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
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