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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progress in grapevine breeding (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 75 (1988), S. 669-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Vitis vinifera ; Fungal diseases ; Asexual propagation ; Stenospermocarpic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The European, or bunch grape, Vitis vinifera, is widely grown because of its high fruit quality and its capacity to grow in a wide range of climatic conditions. However, they are susceptible to fungal diseases and insect pests, especially when grown in cool, wet climates. The aim of a number of grapevine breeding programs throughout the world is to develop new varieties resistant to diseases using complex hybrids between European and American species of Vitis. Within these breeding programs it is essential to maintain heterozygosity and desirable hybrids are multiplied by asexual propagation. New approaches to grapevine improvement include the use of protoplast fusion to overcome sexual barriers, however the routine regeneration of plantlets from protoplasts and calluses is difficult. In vitro rescue of ovules from varieties with stenospermocarpic seeds shows considerable promise for breeding new seedless grapes. Eventually the use of plant transformation techniques to insert specific pieces of DNA coding for desirable genetic characteristics will provide opportunities for equipping well known grape cultivars with new characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265585
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of chloroplast membranes in the location of chloroplast DNA during the greening ofPhaseolus vulgaris etioplasts (1987)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 139 (1987), S. 92-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Chloroplast ; cpDNA ; DAPI ; Etioplast ; Nucleoids ; Phaseolus vulgaris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The location of DNA containing nucleoids has been studied in greening bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) etioplasts using electron microscopy of thin sections and the staining of whole leaf cells with the fluorochrome DAPI. At 0 hours illumination a diffuse sphere of cpDNA surrounds most of the prolamellar body. It appears to be made up of a number of smaller nucleoids and can be asymmetric in location. The DNA appears to be attached to the outside of the prolamellar body and to prothylakoids on its periphery. With illumination the nucleoid takes on a clear ring-like shape around the prolamellar body. The maximum development of the ring-like nucleoid at 5 hours illumination is associated with the outward expansion of the prolamellar body and the outward growth of the prothylakoids. At 5 hours the electron transparent areas lie in between the prothylakoids radiating out from the prolamellar body. Between 5 hours and 15 hours observations are consistent with the growing thylakoids separating the nucleoids as the prolamellar body disappears and the chloroplast becomes more elongate. At 15 hours the fully differentiated chloroplast has discrete nucleoids distributed throughout the chloroplast with evidence of thylakoid attachment. This is the SN (scattered nucleoid) distribution ofKuroiwa et al. (1981) and is also evident in 24 hours and 48 hours chloroplasts which have more thylakoids per granum. The changes in nucleoid location occur without significant changes in DNA levels per plastid, and there is no evidence of DNA or plastid replication. The observations indicate that cpDNA partitioning in dividing SN-type chloroplasts could be achieved by thylakoid growth and effectively accomplish DNA segregation, contrasting with envelope growth segregating nucleoids in PS-type (peripheral scattered nucleoids) chloroplasts. The influence of plastid development on nucleoid location is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01282279
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