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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 39 (1994), S. 533-536 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Codon usage ; Phylogeny ; Distance matrices ; Ordination ; Clustering ; Apicomplexa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The quantitative description of codon usage divergence among taxa is a two-step process involving first the calculation of a standardized measure of intertaxon divergence for each possible pair of taxa followed by a summary and visual display of the patterns among the taxa inherent in these measures. Three different measures have been proposed in the literature, and three different summaries have been used. These different techniques are empirically compared using a data set consisting of gene sequences from seven species of Apicomplexa. The results suggest that the manhattan distance measure may be preferable to the use of the chisquare measure, although the separation of amino acid usage and codon usage by the genetic distance produces theoretical advantages. The multidimensional scaling ordination and unweighted pair-group clustering are both successful in displaying the patterns, while the eigenanalysis ordination is not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    General relativity and gravitation 32 (2000), S. 1777-1798 
    ISSN: 1572-9532
    Keywords: Variable light velocity ; D-branes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Motivated by the possible experimental opportunities to test quantum gravity via its effects on high-energy neutrinos propagating through space-time foam, we discuss how to incorporate spin structures in our D-brane description of gravitational recoil effects in vacuo. We also point to an interesting analogous condensed-matter system. We use a suitable supersymmetrization of the Born-Infeld action for excited D-brane gravitational backgrounds to argue that energetic fermions may travel slower than the low-energy velocity of light: δc/c ∼ −E/M. It has been suggested that Gamma-Ray Bursters may emit pulses of neutrinos at energies approaching 1019 eV: these would be observable only if M ≳ 1027 GeV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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