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  • 1
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    Inhibitory function of p21Cip1/WAF1 in differentiation of primary mouse keratinocytes independent of cell cycle control (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-06
    Description: The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(Cip1/WAF1) has been implicated as an inducer of differentiation. However, although expression of p21 is increased in postmitotic cells immediately adjacent to the proliferative compartment, its expression is decreased in cells further along the differentiation program. Expression of the p21 protein was decreased in terminally differentiated primary keratinocytes of mice, and this occurred by a proteasome-dependent pathway. Forced expression of p21 in these cells inhibited the expression of markers of terminal differentiation at both the protein and messenger RNA levels. These inhibitory effects on differentiation were not observed with a carboxyl-terminal truncation mutant or with the unrelated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16(INK4a), although all these molecules exerted similar inhibition of cell growth. These findings reveal an inhibitory role of p21 in the late stages of differentiation that does not result from the effects of p21 on the cell cycle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Di Cunto, F -- Topley, G -- Calautti, E -- Hsiao, J -- Ong, L -- Seth, P K -- Dotto, G P -- AR39190/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- CA16038/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 15;280(5366):1069-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9582119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcysteine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Adenoviridae/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; *Cell Cycle ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Cyclins/genetics/*metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Keratinocytes/*cytology/metabolism/virology ; Leupeptins/pharmacology ; Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics ; Mice ; Mutation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Precursors/biosynthesis/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Succinates/pharmacology ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Hot-wire measurements of a single lateral jet injected into swirling crossflow (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: In the present experiments documenting the time-mean and turbulent flowfield of a deflected turbulent jet in a combined, swirling crossflow, attention is given to a jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio of 4 at swirler vane angles of 45 and 70 deg. The results obtained are presented in the form of r-x plots in order to aid in three-dimensional flowfield visualization. The time-mean velocity measurements were found to closely correspond to pitot-probe data obtained in identical flow conditions. The lateral jet was found to deflect the axis of the precessing vortex core.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA PAPER 86-0055
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    An investigation of small scales of turbulence in a boundary layer at high Reynolds numbers (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The assumption that turbulence at large wave-numbers is isotropic and has universal spectral characteristics which are independent of the flow geometry, at least for high Reynolds numbers, has been a cornerstone of closure theories as well as of the most promising recent development in the effort to predict turbulent flows, viz. large eddy simulations. This hypothesis was first advanced by Kolmogorov based on the supposition that turbulent kinetic energy cascades down the scales (up the wave-numbers) of turbulence and that, if the number of these cascade steps is sufficiently large (i.e. the wave-number range is large), then the effects of anisotropies at the large scales are lost in the energy transfer process. Experimental attempts were repeatedly made to verify this fundamental assumption. However, Van Atta has recently suggested that an examination of the scalar and velocity gradient fields is necessary to definitively verify this hypothesis or prove it to be unfounded. Of course, this must be carried out in a flow with a sufficiently high Reynolds number to provide the necessary separation of scales in order unambiguously to provide the possibility of local isotropy at large wave-numbers. An opportunity to use our 12-sensor hot-wire probe to address this issue directly was made available at the 80'x120' wind tunnel at the NASA Ames Research Center, which is normally used for full-scale aircraft tests. An initial report on this high Reynolds number experiment and progress toward its evaluation is presented.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Annual Research Briefs, 1992; p 263-268
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Two opposed lateral jets injected into swirling crossflow (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Experiments have been conducted to obtain the time-mean and turbulent quantities of opposed lateral jets in a low speed, nonreacting flowfield. A jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio of R = 4 was used throughout the experiments, with swirl vane angles of 0 (swirler removed), 45 and 70 degrees used with the crossflow. Flow visualization techniques used were neutrally-buoyant helium-filled soap bubbles and multispark photography in order to obtain the gross flowfield characteristics. Measurements of time-mean and turbulent quantities were obtained utilizing a six-orientation single hot-wire technique. For the nonswirling case, the jets were found not to penetrate past the test-section centerline, in contrast to the single lateral jet with the same jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio. In the swirling cases, the crossflow remains in a narrow region near the wall of the test section. The opposed jets are swept from their vertical courses into spiral trajectories close to the confining walls. Extensive results are presented in r-x plane plots.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA PAPER 87-0307
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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