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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (36)
  • Crystal structure  (3)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: N-Acetyl-α,α-diethylglycine-N′-methylamide, synthesis ; Crystal structure ; Conformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über Synthese und die röntgenographische Strukturbestimmung von N-Acetyl-α,α-diethylglycin-N′-methyl-amid [CH3-CO-NH-C(C2H5)2-CO-NH-CH3] berichtet. Die Verbindung wurde unter Anwendung der Methode der gemischten Anhydride aus dem entsprechenden N-Acetylderivat [CH3-CO-NH-C(C2H5)2-COOH] erhalten. Sie kristallisiert als Monohydrat (C9H18N2O2·H2O) in der Raumgruppe P21/c mita=7.139(1),b=11.823(2),c=15.778(3) Å, β=122.23(1)°,V=1126.53 Å3,D m=1.20 Mgm−3,D x=1.204 Mgm−3 (Raumtemperatur).R=0.046 für 1523 Reflexe. Die Kristallpackung ist dominiert durch zwei starke H-Brücken vom Wassermolekül zu zwei Carbonylsauerstoffatomen sowie zwei schwachen H-Brücken zu zwei Amid-N-atomen symmetrieequivalenter Moleküle. Die Konformation des Peptidgerüstes ist näher einer 310 als einera-Helix.
    Notes: Summary Synthesis and X-ray structure analysis of N-acetyl-α,α-diethylglycine-N′-methylamide [CH3-Co-NH-C(C2H5)2-CO-NHCH3] are described. The compound was obtained from the corresponding N-acetyl derivative [CH3-CO-NH-C(C2H5)2-COOH] through the mixed anhydride procedure. It crystallizes as monohydrate (C9H18N2O2·H2O) in space group P21/c,a=7.139(1),b=11.823(2),c=15.778(3) Å, β=122.23(1)°,V=1126.53 Å3,D m=1.20 Mgm−3 (room temperature),R=0.046 for 1523 reflections. The crystal packing is dominated by two strong hydrogen bonds between the water molecule and two carbonyl oxygen atoms and two weak H-bonds to two amide-N-atoms of symmetry-equivalent molecules. The molecular conformation is closer to a 310-helix then ana-helix.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: N-Acetyl-C a,a -di-n-butylglycine ; Crystal structure ; Conformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The compound CH3-CO-NH-C(n-C4H9)2-COOH was synthesized from the corresponding free amino acid. N-Acetyl-α,α-di-n-butylglycine crystallizes in the monoclinic space group I2/c witha=10.762(3) Å,b=17.841(5) Å,c=15.202(5) Å, β=102.85(3)°,Z=8,D=1.07 g/cm3. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined toR=0.0757. N-Acetyl-α,α-di-n-butylglycine shows fully extended conformation in its -NH-C(n-C4H9)2-CO- part.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: N2-dibenzyl-N1-t-butoxycarbonyl hydrazine ; Crystal structure ; Conformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The synthesis and the crystal structure of N2-dibenzyl-N1-butoxycarbonyl hydrazine are reported. The compound was prepared from commercially availablet-butyl carbazate. It crystallizes in the triclinic space group P 1 witha=5.479(1) Å,b=9.559(1) Å,c=9.748(1) Å,a=63.81(1)°, β=87.52(1)°, γ=74.07(1) Å,Z=1,D=1.18 g/cm3. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined toR=0.0329.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 26 (1987), S. 251-260 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Infrared absorption and ir linear dichroism measurements have been performed on poly[d(A-T)-Cs+] films at various relative humidities. At high relative humidity, samples are in a B form; at low relative humidity, in a C form. The B → C conformational transition is shown to be a noncooperative one corresponding to a gradual evolution of the backbone geometry of the polynucleotide within the B family. the C-form-type spectrum is characteristic of an alternated phosphodiester chain with a dinucleotidic repeat unit.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fully blocked pentapeptide Tfa-(Deg)2-L-Abu-(Deg)2-OtBu (Tfa:triflouroacetyl; Deg: Cα,α-diethylglycine; OtBu: tert-butoxy) adopts in the crystal state a regular, right-handed 310-helical structure stabilized by three N — H … O = C intramolecular 1 ← 4 (or C10) H bonds, as determined by an x-ray diffraction analysis. However, a Fourier transform ir absorption and 1H-nmr study strongly supports the view that in deuterochloroform solution the four Deg residues at both termini of the peptide main chain are involved in successive, fully extended C5 forms. A comparison with the stable, fully developed, multiple C5 conformation of Tfa-(Deg)5-OtBu indicates that incorporation of an Abu guest residue, interrupting the side-chain uniformity of the host (Deg)5 homopeptide, while altering only marginally the conformation in a solvent of low polarity, is responsible for a dramatic perturbation of the crystal-state structure. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 37 (1994), S. 21-26 
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Mouse Preimplantation Embryo ; Gene Expression ; Growth Factor ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Although mouse preimplantation embryos express transcripts for the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR), IGF-I transcripts were not detected by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) at any stage of preimplantation development in a previous study (Rappolee et al., Genes Dev 6:939-952, 1992). We report that IGF-I transcripts are detected in the preimplantation embryo by RT-PCR and describe the temporal pattern of expression of this transcript from the oocyte to blastocyst stages; the level declines from the oocyte to 8-cell embryo and then increases from the 8-cell to blastocyst stages. An explanation is offered to account for the differences in detecting the IGF-I transcript, and the results are discussed in the context of an autocrine/paracrine IGF-I circuit in the preimplantation mouse embryo. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 38 (1994), S. 131-141 
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Mouse preimplantation development ; Reverse transcription-PCR ; Culture median ; RNA synthesis ; mRNA ; Gene expression ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Results of previous studies indicate that culture of preipmlantation mouse embryos in SOM medium containing 85 mM NaCl promotes better development in vitro, as well as supporting higher rates of protein synthesis, when compared to culture in SOM containing 125 mM NaCl (Anbari and Schultz, 1993, Mol Reprod Dev 35:24-28; Biggers et al., 1993, Mol Reprod Dev 34:380-390). In the present study we compare the effect of culturing embryos in these 2 media on several aspects of RNA synthesis and gene expression in order to determine whether the reduced development in SOM containing 125 mM NaCI and lower rates of protein synthesis are correlated with decreases in RNA synthesis and stability and changes in gene expression. Although no apparent differences in the metabolism of [3H]uridine to UMP, UDP, and UTP and its incorporation into total RNA are observed when 2-cell embryos are cultured to the morula stage in either medium, a 20% decrease in the rate of mRNA synthesis is found when embryos are cultured in SOM containing 125 mM NaCl. In addition, pulse-chase experiments reveal that total mRNA is less stable when the embryos are cultured in SOM containing 125 mM NaCl. Using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to assay for changes in the relative amounts of specific mRNAs, the relative amounts of mRNAs for IGF-I and IGF-II and their cognate receptors are dramatically reduced in embryos cultured in SOM containing 125 mM NaCl, whereas only a mild reduction is observed in the relative amount of actin mRNA. In contrast, when freshly isolated morulae are cultured to the blastocyst stage in either of these 2 media, similar amounts of these mRNAs are observed. Last, high-resolution, 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis reveals significant changes in the pattern of protein synthesis when the embryos are cultured in SOM containing 125 mM NaCl. Results of these experiments suggest that culture of embryos in medium containing lower concentrations of NaCl that are normally present in various culture media results in higher rates of mRNA synthesis and greater mRNA stability. These changes in RNA synthesis may underlie, at least in part, the improved development in vitro that is fostered by SOM containing 85 mM NaCl. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 34 (1993), S. 396-401 
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: TGF-α ; Gelatinase ; Protein secretion ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have previously demonstrated that newly synthesized proteins are secreted into the mouse blastocoel [Dardik and Schultz (1991): Biol Reprod 45:328-333]. In the present study we examine the effect of transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) on these proteins. We observe that TGF-α stimulates secretion of these newly synthesized proteins into the blastocoel and apical medium, which faces the zona pellucida, by about 65%. Although one-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis does not reveal any marked differences in the patterns of newly synthesized proteins secreted into the blastocoel in response to TGF-α, zymography reveals a marked stimulation in the secretion of several gelatinases into the blastocoel and apical medium. These results suggest additional functions for TGF-α in mouse preimplantation development. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 8 (1988), S. 34-36 
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 13 (1991), S. 313-314 
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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