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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (6)
  • Corotating high-speed streams  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Space science reviews 72 (1995), S. 309-314 
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Keywords: Heliosphere ; Energetic particles ; Corotating high-speed streams
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract As Ulysses moved inward and southward from mid-1992 to early 1994 we noticed the occasional occurrence of “inter-events”, lasting about 10 days and falling between the recurrent events, observed at proton energies of 0.48–97 MeV, associated with Corotating Interaction Regions (CIR). These inter-events were present for several sequences of two or more solar rotations at intensity levels around 1% of those of the neighbouring main events. When we compared the Ulysses events with those measured on IMP-8 at 1 AU we saw that the inter-events appeared at Ulysses after the extended emission (〉10 days) of large fluxes of solar protons of the same energy that lasted at least one solar rotation at 1 AU. The inter-events fell completely within the rarefaction regions (dv/dt〈0) of the recurrent solar wind streams. The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) lines in the rarefactions map back to the narrow range of longitudes at the Sun which mark the eastern edge of the source region of the high speed stream. Thus the inter-events are propagating at mid-latitudes to Ulysses along field lines free from stream-stream interactions. They are seen in the 0.39–1.28 MeV/nucleon He, which exhibit a faster decay, but almost never in the 38–53 keV electrons. We show that the inter-events are unlikely to be accelerated by reverse shocks associated with the CIRs and that they are more likely to be accelerated by sequences of solar events and transported along the IMF in the rarefactions of the solar wind streams.
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  • 2
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A review is conducted of the measurements of the intensities, energy spectra, angular variations, and composition characteristics of the low-energy ion population in and around the Jovian magnetosphere, taking into account data obtained by both Voyager spacecraft. A description is provided of some novel analysis techniques which have been employed to generate density, pressure, composition, and plasma flow profiles in the magnetosphere. The obtained results are compared with data reported in connection with other investigations related to the spacecraft. Attention is given to the Low-Energy Charged Particle investigation, the Voyager 1 and 2 trajectories within 1000 Jupiter radii, and a hot plasma model of the Jovian magnetosphere. The measurement of hot multispecies convected plasmas using energetic particle detectors is also discussed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Voyager 1 low-energy charged particle instrument measured electrons and ions with energies below 26 and 40 kiloelectron volts, respectively, in the Saturn magnetosphere. Spectra of all ion species were found to have an energy cutoff at levels greater than 2 million electron volts. In contrast to the magnetospheres of Jupiter and earth, there are no lobe regions essentially devoid of particles in Saturn's nighttime magnetosphere. One novel feature of the Saturn magnetosphere is a pervasive population of energetic molecular hydrogen.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 212; Apr. 10
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Results of the low-energy charged particle experiment carried by Voyager 2 in the Saturn magnetosphere are presented. Measurements of ions of energy greater than 28 keV and electrons of energies greater than 22 keV revealed the presence of a region containing an extremely hot (30-50 keV) plasma extending from the orbit of Tethys past the orbit of Rhea, and a low-energy ion mantle inside the dayside and nightside magnetospheres. H, H2, H3, He, C and O at energies greater than 200 keV/n were found to be important constituents of the Saturn magnetosphere, at relative abundances suggestive of a solar wind origin. Low-energy electron flux enhancements were observed between the L shells of Rhea and Tethys which were absent during the Voyager 1 encounter, and persistent asymmetric electron pitch-angle distributions were noted in the outer magnetosphere in conjunction with the hot ion plasma torus. Signatures of the passage of Tethys and Enceladus through the magnetosphere were found, although not at the positions predicted by dipole magnetic field models.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 215; Jan. 29
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: This paper discusses measurements of the energetic-particle population inside Jupiter's magnetosphere as well as observations of energetic particles in interplanetary space that have escaped from that magnetosphere. The discussion is based on Pioneer 10 data obtained when the spacecraft was outside the bow shock but within about 1 AU of the planet and on electron data obtained near earth by various IMP spacecraft. Pioneer 10 particle measurements in the Jovian magnetosphere are reviewed, the differential proton and electron energy spectra are described, and it is suggested that very little particle acceleration occurs in the outer magnetosphere. Additional data are examined in regard to Jovian alpha particles, proton and electron angular distributions, protons in the inner magnetosphere, effects of Io on the proton flux, electron acceleration outside the bow shock, and observations of Jovian electrons near earth. All these data are shown to support the conclusion that most, if not all, quiet-time increases in low-energy electron fluxes near earth are of Jovian origin.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Initial results obtained from measurements made by the HI-SCALE (heliosphere instrument for spectra, composition, and anisotropy at low energies) experiment are reported. Data revealed that the Jovian magnetosphere is very extended, with the day-side magnetopause located at about 105 Jupiter radii. The relative abundances of sulfur, oxygen, and sodium to helium decreased with the decreasing radial distance from the planet on the day-side, which suggests that the abundances of Jupiter-derived species are dependent on latitude. Intense fluxes of counter-streaming ions and electrons were discovered in the dusk-side, high-latitude region from the edge of the plasma sheet to the dusk-side magnetopause. These beams of ions and electrons appeared to be very tightly aligned with the magnetic field and to be superimposed on a time- and space variable isotropic hot plasma background. The current carried by measured hot plasma particles are about 1.6 x 10 exp -4 microamps per sq m.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 257; 5076; 1518-152
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: At Venus the Energetic Particles Detector (EPD) on the Galileo spacecraft measured the differential energy spectra and angular distributions of ions above about 22 keV and electrons above about 15 keV in energy. The only time particles were observed by EPD was in a series of episodic events near closest approach (0559:03 UT). Angular distributions were highly anisotropic, ordered by the magnetic field, and showed ions arriving from the hemisphere containing Venus and its bow shock. The spectra showed a power law form with intensities observed into the 120- to 280-keV range. Comparisons with model bow shock calculations show that these energetic ions are associated with the Venusian foreshock-bow shock region. Shock-drift acceleration in the Venusian bow shock seems the most likely process responsible for the observed ions.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 253; 1525-152
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