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  • Coral  (3)
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  • 1
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    Natural and anthropogenic forcing of multi-decadal to centennial scale variability of sea surface temperature in the South China Sea (2022)
    American Geophysical Union
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    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Goodkin, N. F., Samanta, D., Bolton, A., Ong, M. R., Hoang, P. K., Vo, S. T., Karnauskas, K. B., & Hughen, K. A. Natural and anthropogenic forcing of multi-decadal to centennial scale variability of sea surface temperature in the South China Sea. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 36(10), (2021): e2021PA004233, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021PA004233.
    Description: Four hundred years of reconstructed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from a coral located off the coast of Vietnam show significant multi-decadal to centennial-scale variability in wet and dry seasons. Wet and dry season SST co-vary significantly at multi-decadal timescales, and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) explains the majority of variability in both seasons. A newly reconstructed wet season IPO index was compared to other IPO reconstructions, showing significant long-term agreement with varying amplitude of negative IPO signals based on geographic location. Dry season SST also correlates to sea level pressure anomalies and the East Asian Winter Monsoon, although with an inverse relationship from established interannual behavior, as previously seen with an ocean circulation proxy from the same coral. Centennial-scale variability in wet and dry season SST shows 300 years of near simultaneous changes, with an abrupt decoupling of the records around 1900, after which the dry season continues a long-term cooling trend while the wet season remains almost constant. Climate model simulations indicate greenhouse gases as the largest contributor to the decoupling of the wet and dry season SSTs and demonstrate increased heat advection to the western South China Sea in the wet season, potentially disrupting the covariance in seasonal SST.
    Description: This research was supported by a Singapore National Research Fellowship to N.F. Goodkin (NRFF-2012-03) as administered by the Earth Observatory of Singapore and by a Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 2 award to N.F. Goodkin, K.A. Hughen, and K.B. Karnauskas (MOE-2016-T2-1-016). D. Samanta was partially supported by a Singapore Ministry of Education Tier 3 award (MOE2019-T3-1-004).
    Keywords: IPO ; Coral ; Monsoon ; SST
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 2
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    East Asian Monsoon variability since the sixteenth century (2019)
    American Geophysical Union
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    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2019. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters, 46(9), (2019):4790-4798, doi:10.1029/2019GL081939.
    Description: The East Asian Monsoon (EAM) impacts storms, freshwater availability, wind energy production, coal consumption, and subsequent air quality for billions of people across Asia. Despite its importance, the EAM's long‐term behavior is poorly understood. Here we present an annually resolved record of EAM variance from 1584 to 1950 based on radiocarbon content in a coral from the coast of Vietnam. The coral record reveals previously undocumented centennial scale changes in EAM variance during both the summer and winter seasons, with an overall decline from 1600 to the present. Such long‐term variations in monsoon variance appear to reflect independent seasonal mechanisms that are a combination of changes in continental temperature, the strength of the Siberian High, and El Niño–Southern Oscillation behavior. We conclude that the EAM is an important conduit for propagating climate signals from the tropics to higher latitudes.
    Description: Thanks go to G. Williams, W. Tak‐Cheung, and J. Ossolinski. Thanks also go to V. Lee, S. H. Ng for coral sampling, and B. Buckley for conversations. This research was supported by the National Research Foundation Singapore NRF Fellowship scheme awarded to N. Goodkin (National Research Fellowship award NRFF‐2012‐03) and administered by the Earth Observatory of Singapore and the Singapore Ministry of Education under the Research Centers of Excellence initiative. The research was also supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 2 (award MOE2016‐T2‐1‐016). Data are available in Table S1 and the NOAA paleoclimate database.
    Keywords: East Asian Monsoon ; Coral ; Radiocarbon
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 3
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    Gross and microscopic lesions in corals from Micronesia (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2015. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Sage for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Veterinary Pathology 53 (2016): 153-162, doi:10.1177/0300985815571669.
    Description: We documented gross and microscopic morphology of lesions in corals on seven islands spanning western, southern, and eastern Micronesia. We sampled 76 colonies comprising 30 species of corals among 18 genera with Acropora, Porites, and Montipora dominating. Tissue loss comprised the majority (41%) of gross lesions sampled, followed by discoloration (30%), and growth anomaly (29%). Of 31 cases of tissue loss, most lesions were subacute (48%), followed by acute, and chronic (26% each). Of 23 samples with discoloration, most (40%) were dark discoloration, with bleaching and other discoloration each comprising 30%. Of 22 growth anomalies, umbonate growth anomalies comprised half with exophytic, nodular, and rugose growth anomalies comprising the remainder. On histopathology, for nine cases of dark discoloration, fungal infections predominated (77%), for seven bleached corals, depletion of zooxanthellae from the gastrodermis made up a majority of microscopic diagnoses (57%), and for growth anomalies other than umbonate, hyperplasia of the basal body wall was the most common microscopic finding (63%). For the remainder of the gross lesions, no single microscopic finding comprised over 50% of the total. Host response varied with the agent present on histology. Fragmentation of tissues was most often associated with algae (60%) whereas necrosis dominated (53%) for fungi. Two newly documented potentially symbiotic tissue-associated metazoans were seen in Porites and Montipora. Findings of multiple potential etiologies for a given gross lesion highlight the importance of incorporating histopathology in coral disease surveys. This study also expands the range of corals infected with cell associated microbial aggregates.
    Description: We thank Ray Dalio and the Dalio Family Foundation for their support of the WHOI Access to the Sea program, through which this work was partially funded.
    Keywords: Coral ; Histopathology ; Disease ; Micronesia ; Indo-Pacific
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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