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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of fusion energy 3 (1983), S. 185-197 
    ISSN: 1572-9591
    Keywords: neutronics ; fusion-fission ; hybrid reactors ; actinide multiplier ; LOTUS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract An experimental fusion-fission hybrid research facility, known as LOTUS and located at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), is nearing completion. The first series of experiments are likely to commence in early 1984. A whole series of neutronic investigations are already underway to assess the feasibility of experimentally testing various blanket concepts. The following analysis centers around the use of actinide wastes as multiplier for blankets with thorium oxide fuel. The multipliers considered are UO2, AmO2, and CmO2. The limited size of the experimental cavity coupled with the bulky, sealed 14 MeV (D, T)-neutron generator recommends the setting up of blankets in slab geometry. The analysis encompasses the corresponding confinement geometry configurations also for the sake of perspective. It is found that the neutronic performance of thorium oxide hybrid blankets improves radically both from the standpoint of fissile fuel production and energy multiplication in the presence of transplutonium actinides. It is also reported that the specific activities of tritium and233Pa are adequate for good counting statistics.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of fusion energy 13 (1994), S. 59-67 
    ISSN: 1572-9591
    Keywords: Integral fusion neutronics ; LOTUS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In-system foil activation rates and tritium production rates were measured in an experimental lithium-lead module (EL2M)- major component being a 62-cm thick pseudo-cylindrical region containing lithium and lead pellets so arranged as to simulate Li17Pb8.3 eutectic—at fusion blanket neutronics facility LOTUS. Sets of two foils each—Zr and In—were irradiated at multiple locations in the central rod to measure90Zr(n,2n)89m+gZr and115In(n,n′)115mIn reaction rates. Tritium measurements were done using two techniques: off-line liquid scintillation technique of Dierck and online lithium glass scintillation technique, the latter technique providing only T6 (tritium from6Li). These measurements have been analyzed both by two-dimensional and three-dimensional transport codes DORT and MCNP, respectively. Though computed results broadly reproduce spatial profiles (along the central rod) of the measured quantities, differences as large as 50% are found.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 38 (1990), S. 11-23 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electrostatic potential maps of benz(a)anthracene diol epoxide, benzphenanthrene diol epoxide, chrysene diol epoxide, and tryphenylene diol epoxide, which are ultimate carcinogens derived from the corresponding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, have been studied using a dipole of length 1 Å and strength 1 Debye. The net charge distributions in the molecules were obtained using the MNDO molecular orbital method. The maps were drawn for two closest distances of approach between the charged ends of the dipole and atoms of the molecules. Using the electric field directions and values of electrostatic potentials, reactive sites and relative reactivities of these molecules have been examined. Existence of a bay region appears to be important for the carcinogenic activity of a diol epoxide in this class of carcinogens.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 43 (1992), S. 579-589 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Four esters of 5-cyano-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid involving substitutions of methyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, and phenyl groups at the 2-position, which exhibit varying degrees of cardiotonic activities, have been studied using the electric-field and electrostatic potential mapping techniques. The net charge distributions in the molecules were obtained using the MNDO method. Electric-field mapping has been performed in three-dimension in order to obtain information about the possible structure-activity relationships of these compounds. The results show a prominent electric-field region in the methyl-substituted compound extending from near the oxygen atom O6 to near the methyl group. This fact and orientation of the electric field in this region, in view of the Erhardt model, may be related to the greater cardiotonic activity of the methyl-substituted molecule in comparison to those of the other molecules of this class. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 48 (1993), S. 233-238 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electric-field maps of certain anions and cations of adenine and guanine have been studied. The results are compared with those of neutral adenine and guanine. In all cases, the geometries were fully optimized using the MNDO molecular orbital method and the fields were computed using Mulliken charges. Reactivities and hydrogen-bonding pattern predicted by electric fields, including those of cations, are in satisfactory agreement with experiment. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 62 (1997), S. 67-76 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The importance of the hybridization displacement charge (HDC) in describing molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps was demonstrated by studying six molecules; pyrazine N-oxide, para-nitropyridine, 5-nitropyrimidine, 3-nitropyridazine, N2, and N2O. It is shown that continuously distributed HDC-corrected Löwdin charges reproduce the MEP features of these molecules, most of which have competing electrophilic sites, in agreement with ab initio results. Further, it is found that for homonuclear diatomic molecules MEP minima can be located properly using HDC-corrected Löwdin (or HDC-corrected Mulliken) continuously distributed charges, but these features cannot be obtained using the conventional Löwdin (or Mulliken) charges. It was shown that the order of molecular electric field (MEF) values near the different electrophilic sites becomes changed when one moves away from the molecules. Thus, pyridine-type nitrogen atoms are the preferred binding sites close to the molecules, while at large distances, effects of oxygen atoms of the NO groups become dominant. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 55 (1995), S. 53-60 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The hybridization displacement charges in molecules which preserve individual atomic contributions to the hybridization dipole moment, besides preserving the total dipole moment, have been defined. These charges have been used in combination with those obtained by Mulliken and Löwdin population analyses to compute electrostatic potentials and fields in several molecules. Correlations of these potentials and fields with experimentally observed hydrogen-bonding parameters (α and β) and with ab initio electrostatic potentials of the molecules have been studied. It is found that inclusion of hybridization effects through hybridization displacement charges improves the description of electrostatic potentials and fields appreciably. However, comparison of electrostatic potentials and fields at a specific site in a given class of molecules can also usually be done satisfactorily using Mulliken or Löwdin charges. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 60 (1996), S. 699-708 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electrostatic potential maps of certain biologically important molecules (guanine, adenine, cytosine, thymine, and two conformers of glycine) were studied employing a “hybridization displacement charge (HDC)” correction to Löwdin charge distributions and using the conventional Mulliken charge distributions of the molecules. In these calculations, the magnitude of each of the point charges was distributed in 3-dimension in a spherically symmetric manner. The method of computing HDC using MNDO wave functions was optimized by introducing two adjustable parameters. It has been clearly demonstrated that HDC-corrected Löwdin charge distributions of the molecules mentioned above are able to reproduce most of the important features of their ab initio MEP maps, while the conventional Mulliken charge distributions fail in many respects. Thus, HDC-corrected Löwdin charge distributions are shown to be quite reliable for the study of molecular electrostatic properties, particularly for molecules with more than one competing electrophilic site. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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