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  • Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems  (37)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (26)
  • Composite Materials  (19)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorptive stripping voltammetric measurements of chromium accumulation in mice organs using mercury film microelectrodes (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 9 (1997), S. 941-944 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Chromium ; Microelectrodes ; Adsorptive stripping voltammetry ; Biomaterials ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chromium is the metallic species of most concern with the use of stainless steel implants. To study the distribution of chromium in mice organs with time, several animals were subcutaneously injected with 2.70 × 10-3 mol/L of chromium solution during a certain period of time. Square wave voltammetry using adsorptive collection of Cr3+ -DTPA complex on a mercury film microelectrode (MFM) was used for quantitation. Optimized conditions included DTPA concentration of 2.0 × 10-2 mol/L, sodium acetate 4.0 × 10-2 mol/L, sodium nitrate 0.40 mol/L, potassium permanganate 1.0 × 10-3 mol/L, pH ca. 6.1, deposition potential of -1.15 V, deposition time 20 s, frequency 100 Hz, step 2.5 mV and an amplitude of 20 mV. The detection limit of the method was 1.54 × 10-8 mol/L after deposition of 20s. Other species presented in the biological material such as calcium and iron do not interfere with the chromium determinations. The accuracy of the proposed method was checked by comparing the results with those obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) yielding good agreement. The results showed an increase of chromium levels with time in liver, kidney and spleen, indicating that this metal is partially accumulated in the studied organs.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140091215
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of nickel toxicity on liver, spleen, and kidney of mice after administration of high-dose metal ion (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 40 (1998), S. 40-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: nickel ; biomaterial ; mice ; microelectrodes ; histology ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The toxic effects caused by nickel (Ni) per si were explored by performing in vivo studies on mice following subcutaneous administration of a metallic solution of nickel at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks to evaluate the side effects of this metal ion when released from stainless steel implants. Other groups were similarly injected with HBSS and used as controls. Accumulation of Ni ions on liver, spleen, and kidney was assessed by an electrochemical method, adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) using microelectrodes, and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Alterations of those organs induced by Ni ions were studied, showing that several histological changes had been induced. Chemical analysis and histological features indicate that Ni is partially accumulated in the study organs. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 40, 40-47, 1998.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal ion sorption ability of poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 230 (1995), S. 89-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch radikalische Polymerisation wurden Harze mit Amid- und 4-Vinylpyridin-Gruppen synthetisiert. Die hergestellten wasserunlöslichen Polymeren Poly(4-vinylpyridin) (1), Poly(4-vinylpyridin-co-N,N-dimethylacrylamid) (2) und Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamid) (3) wurden mit FT-IR-Spektroskopie, Elementaranalyse und Thermoanalyse charakterisiert. Die Fähigkeit der Harze, Cu(II)-, Fe(II)-, Fe(III)- und U(VI)-Ionen zu binden, wurde mit der Batch-Gleichgewichts-Methode bei verschiedenen pH-Werten untersucht. Die Harze 1 und 2 adsorbierten bei pH 1 mehr als 50% U(VI). Die Selektivität von U(VI) gegenüber Cu(II) bei pH 1,0 betrug 2,11. Durch Behandlung mit Schwefelsäure und Natriumcarbonat konnte das mit Uran beladene Polymere 2 teilweise regeneriert werden.
    Notes: Resins containing amide and 4-vinylpyridine moieties were synthesized by radical polymerization. All the resins were completely insoluble in water and characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and thermal analyses. The ability to bind Cu(II), Fe(II), Fe(III) and U(VI) ions at different pHs was studied by batch equilibrium procedure. Uranium(VI) was adsorbed at pH 1 above 50% by the resins 1 and 2. The selectivity of uranium(VI) respect to copper(II) at pH 1.0 was 2.11. The uraniumloaded resin 2 could be partially recovered by treatment with H2SO4 and Na2CO3.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1995.052300105
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilization of glucose oxidase on nylon membranes and its application in a flow-through glucose reactor (1991)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 29 (1991), S. 275-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The immobilization of glucose oxidase on hydrolyzed nylon-6,6 was studied. Various spacers were introduced on the support before the coupling of the enzyme. Best results were obtained when the membrane was covered with denatured bovine serum albumin (BSA) before spacer coupling and immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOD). The influence of various factors (pH, ionic strength, etc.) on the activity of the free and immobilized enzyme was investigated. It was found that the behavior of the fixed glucose oxidase and the free enzyme is very similar. The covalently immobilized enzyme had a lifetime of around 2 months (50% of initial activity).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1991.080290216
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorptive stripping voltammetry of cobalt and nickel in flow systems at wall-jet electrodes (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 3 (1991), S. 683-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Adsorptive stripping voltammetry of cobalt and nickel in flow systems at wall-jet mercury thin-film electrodes has been investigated and assessed. A HEPES biological buffer with sodium perchlorate electrolyte was employed with excess nioxime, or dimethylglyoxime, ligand, and the accumulated complex on the mercury film surface determined by differential pulse reduction. Concentrations down to 1 nM can be routinely measured. Results at the wall-jet electrode, supported by evidence from LSV and impedance measurements at rotating and stationary electrodes respectively, show the viability of the method.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140030715
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal ion binding properties of synthetic vinyl resins (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 220 (1994), S. 61-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ein wasserunlösliches chelatisierendes Polymerharz wurde durch radikalische Copolymerisation von 4-Vinylpyridin und N-Hydroxymethylacrylamid und anschließende Vernetzung hergestellt. Die beiden ebenfalls vernetzten Homopolymeren von 4-Vinylpyridin bzw. N-Hydroxymethylacrylamid wurden ebenfalls synthetisiert. Die Polymeren wurden mittels Elementaranalyse und FT-IR Spektroskopie charakterisiert. Die Adsorptionseigenschaften dieser Harze für Cu(II)-, Fe(II)-, Fe(III)- und U(VI)-Ionen und die Elution dieser Metallionen von den beladenen Harzen wurde untersucht. Der optimale pH-Wert für die Aufnahme von Uranylionen liegt bei 1. Bei diesem pH-Wert wurde die Selektivität der Harze für die Aufnahme der Ionen aus der binären Mischung Cu(II)/U(VI) untersucht. Für die Sorption von Uranylionen wurden die Adsorptionsisothermen, die Bindungskonstanten sowie ΔG°-, ΔH°- und ΔS°-Werte bestimmt.
    Notes: The synthesis of a water-insoluble chelating resin was carried out by radical copolymerization of 4-vinylpyridine and N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide with subsequent crosslinking. Both the crosslinked reference homopolymers of 4-vinylpyridine and N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide were also synthesized. The resins were characterized by elemental analyses and FT-IR spectroscopy. The ability of these resins to bind copper(II), iron(II), iron(III) and uranyl ions as well as the elution of the metal ions from the loaded resins were studied. For uranyl ions, pH 1 was the optimum sorption pH value for all the resins. Sorption selectivity from the binary mixture Cu(II) + U(VI) was studied at the optimum sorption pH value. Finally, the uranium(VI) sorption isotherms, binding constants, and ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° corresponding to the uranium(VI) sorption process were calculated.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1994.052200106
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Depth-profiling of polymer laminates using fourier transform infrared (ATR) spectroscopy: The barrier film technique (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 32 (1994), S. 1881-1887 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: polymer laminates ; infrared-ATR ; depth profiling ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: We report FTIR-ATR spectra of a polymer laminate (PMMA/PVOH) at different base layer thicknesses and different angles of incidence on a ZnSe substrate. By varying this ‘barrier’ layer (of PMMA) we have demonstrated that different effective penetration depths into the PVOH are achieved, in very good agreement with the calculated electric fields as a function of distance away from the substrate surface. Such work forms the basis for depth profiling measurements in order to detect interfacial interactions between the polymer molecules. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1994.090321105
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nickel quantification in mice organs by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry using mercury microelectrodes (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 9 (1997), S. 150-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Nickel ; Adsorptive stripping voltammetry ; Microelectrodes ; Mice organs ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mercury film microelectrodes (MFMs) were used to quantify trace levels of nickel accumulated in mice organs samples after dosing the mice with a physiological solution containing 150 ppm of Ni ions over a period of time, by performing adsorptive cathodic stripping square wave voltammetry (AdSWV). The residues obtained after digestion of the biological organs with nitric acid which affects the electrochemical response of Ni were investigated by XRD and IR spectrometry and found to be mainly composed by p-nitrobenzoic acid. Electrochemical conditions for the quantification of Niwith MFMs in the biological solutions were optimized. The electrochemical data compared favorably with that obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140090212
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Square wave voltammetry with arrays of liquid/liquid microinterfaces (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 6 (1994), S. 1034-1039 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Liquid/liquid interface ; Arrays ; Square wave voltammetry ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Square wave voltammetry (SWV) has been successfully applied to arrays of liquid/liquid (L/L)microinterfaces formed across microholes perforated on a polyester film. The study of CIO4- ion transfer from water to 1.2-dichloroethane (DCE) showed that the experimental parameters Esw, Es, and f are identical to those found for the reversible electron transfer on solid microelectrodes.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140061120
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of molecular structure of poly(glycidyl ether) reagents on crosslinking and mechanical properties of bovine pericardial xenograft materials (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 28 (1994), S. 981-992 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: With the identification of the exacerbating effect of glutaraldehyde on calcification of heart valve materials, there exists a renewed interest in both alternative reagents and the effects of crosslinking on connective tissues. One potentially useful class of reagents are poly(glycidyl ether) compounds. We have examined 5 of these reagents with different molecular sizes and functionalities for their effects on mechanical properties and collagen denaturation (shrinkage) temperature. Samples of bovine pericardium were tested fresh or after 48 h fixation in one of the five compounds for denaturation temperature, stress-strain response, stress relaxation, plastic deformation, and fracture properties. Of the compounds tested, those with intermediate length backbones and 4 or 5 epoxide groups were most effective in producing intrahelical crosslinking and increased denaturation temperature over 48 h. However, in samples examined after 17 months of fixation, all reagents had equivalently increased the denaturation temperature. Examination of mechanical results revealed two distinct mechanisms for mechanical change. Observed shifting of the stress-strain curve to the right (due to shrinkage), increased plastic deformation, and some reduction of stress relaxation are all unrelated to denaturation temperature (and hence to changes in intrahelical crosslinking). An alternate mechanism, perhaps formation of intermolecular crosslinks may be responsible. Intrahelical crosslinking produces only lesser reductions in stress relaxation. Cross-comparison of reagents of differing molecular structure provides a useful tool toward increased understanding of the mechanical consequences of tissue crosslinking. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820280903
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