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  • 1
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    Chemical fractionation of siderophile elements in impactites from Australian meteorite craters (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The abundance pattern of siderophile elements in terrestrial and lunar impact melt rocks was used extensively to infer the nature of the impacting projectiles. An implicit assumption made is that the siderophile abundance ratios of the projectiles are approximately preserved during mixing of the projectile constituents with the impact melts. As this mixture occurs during flow of strongly shocked materials at high temperatures, however there are grounds for suspecting that the underlying assumption is not always valid. In particular, fractionation of the melted and partly vaporized material of the projectile might be expected because of differences in volatility, solubility in silicate melts, and other characteristics of the constituent elements. Impactites from craters with associated meteorites offer special opportunities to test the assumptions on which projectile identifications are based and to study chemical fractionation that occurred during the impact process.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA, Washington, Reports of Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, 1990; p 375-376
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  • 2
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    Tests of the lunar hypothesis (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: The concept that the Moon was fissioned from the Earth after core separation is the most readily testable hypothesis of lunar origin, since direct comparisons of lunar and terrestrial compositions can be made. Differences found in such comparisons introduce so many ad hoc adjustments to the fission hypothesis that it becomes untestable. Further constraints may be obtained from attempting to date the volatile-refractory element fractionation. The combination of chemical and isotopic problems suggests that the fission hypothesis is no longer viable, and separate terrestrial and lunar accretion from a population of fractionated precursor planetesimals provides a more reasonable explanation.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Planetary Inst. Conf. on the Origin of the Moon; p 25
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  • 3
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    Crustal development in the terrestrial planets (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: The development of planetary crusts may be divided into primary, resulting from melting during accretion, and secondary crusts developed by partial melting from planetary mantles. The Mercurian crust is probably primary with no compelling evidence of later basaltic extrusions. Reflectance spectral evidence for the existence Fe2(+) is equivocal. The Viking Lander XRF data on Mars indicate basaltic material at both sites 4,000 km apart. Surface aeolian processes would be expected to provide a homogeneous average of the crust, but no evidence of more siliceous material is present. This conclusion is weakly supported by the Russian gamma ray data. No evidence for granite appears from the Russian Venera XRF data which indicates MORB-type and alkali basalt (4% K2O) surface compositions. The highlands of Ishtar Terra and Aphrodite probably owe their elevation to tectonic processes rather than compositional effects. Venus may thus resemble the early Archean Earth. The terrestrial granitic continental crust is a product of episodic multiple partial melting events, probably a consequence of the presence of surface water.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst. Terrest. Planets: Comp. Planetology; p 15
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  • 4
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    I-Pu-Xe dating and the relative ages of the earth and moon (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The ages of the earth and moon as determined by various chronometric systems are discussed with primary emphasis placed on the development of an I-Pu-Xe chronometer. Data on excess fission xenon are reviewed with attention given to the strengths and weaknesses of the assumptions required for lunar I-Pu-Xe chronometry. Using I-Pu-Xe dating, it is estimated that the retention of excess fission xenon in lunar samples began no more than 63 + or - 42 m.y. after the time of primitive meteorite formation.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 5
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    Planetary science: A lunar perspective (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An interpretative synthesis of current knowledge on the moon and the terrestrial planets is presented, emphasizing the impact of recent lunar research (using Apollo data and samples) on theories of planetary morphology and evolution. Chapters are included on the exploration of the solar system; geology and stratigraphy; meteorite impacts, craters, and multiring basins; planetary surfaces; planetary crusts; basaltic volcanism; planetary interiors; the chemical composition of the planets; the origin and evolution of the moon and planets; and the significance of lunar and planetary exploration. Photographs, drawings, graphs, tables of quantitative data, and a glossary are provided.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 6
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    Investigation of Structural Properties of Carbon-Epoxy Composites Using Fiber-Bragg Gratings (2002)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Fiber Bragg-gratings are embedded in carbon-epoxy laminates as well as bonded on the surface of cylindrical structures fabricated out of such composites. Structural properties of such composites is investigated. The measurements include stress-strain relation in laminates and Poisson's ratio in several specimens with varying orientation of the optical fiber Bragg-sensor with respect to the carbon fiber in an epoxy matrix. Additionally, Bragg gratings are bonded on the surface of cylinders fabricated out of carbon-epoxy composites and longitudinal and hoop strain on the surface is measured.
    Keywords: Composite Materials
    Type: Photonics North 2002 Conference; Jun 02, 2002 - Jun 06, 2002; Quebec; Canada
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  • 7
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    The detection of soils of Fra Mauro basalt and anorthositic gabbro composition in the lunar highlands by remote spectral reflectance techniques (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 14, 1977 - Mar 18, 1977; Houston, TX
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  • 8
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    The geochemical evolution of the moon (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Evidence for and implications of homogeneous accretion of the moon are considered. Interelement ratios are used to calculate the composition of the highland crust. The rare-earth data for the highlands show a positive Eu anomaly, allowing the deduction that the interior has a negative anomaly. The Cr/Ni ratios in the highlands are considered in regard to the overall lunar abundance of the siderophile elements. These abundance data and the constraints from the heat flow measurements are next used to set limits on the bulk composition for the moon. The geochemical constraints are integrated with the petrological and geophysical data in an attempt to provide a consistent model for the geochemical evolution of the moon.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 18, 1974 - Mar 22, 1974; Houston, TX
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  • 9
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    Investigation of Carbon-Polymer Structures with Embedded Fiber-Optic Bragg Gratings (2003)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Several Bragg-grating sensors fabricated within the same optical fiber are buried within multiple-ply carbon-epoxy planar and cylindrical structures. Effect of different orientation of fiber-sensors with respect to carbon fibers in the composite structure is investigated. This is done for both fabric and uni-tape material samples. Response of planar structures to axial and transverse strain up to 1 millistrain is investigated with distributed Bragg-grating sensors. Material properties like Young's Modulus and Poisson ratio is measured. A comparison is made between response measured by sensors in different ply-layers and those bonded on the surface. The results from buried fiber- sensors do not completely agree with surface bonded conventional strain gauges. A plausible explanation is given for observed differences. The planar structures are subjected to impacts with energies up to 10 ft-lb. Effect of this impact on the material stiffness is also investigated with buried fiber-optic Bragg sensors. The strain response of such optical sensors is also measured for cylindrical carbon-epoxy composite structures. The sensors are buried within the walls of the cylinder as well as surface bonded in both the axial as well as hoop directions. The response of these fiber-optic sensors is investigated by pressurizing the cylinder up to its burst pressure of around 1500 psi. This is done at both room temperature as well as cryogenic temperatures. The recorded response is compared with that from a conventional strain gauge.
    Keywords: Composite Materials
    Type: NASA MSFC 2003 Propulsion Measurement Sensor Development Workshop; May 13, 2003 - May 15, 2003; Huntsville, AL; United States
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  • 10
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    Evolution of the lunar highland crust (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The evolution of three distinct element associations in the lunar highland crust is discussed in terms of the Taylor-Jakes model which involves melting of most of the moon during accretion. Sources for (1) high Ca, Al, Sr, Eu, (2) high Mg and Cr, and (3) high K, REE, Zr, Hf, Nb are suggested. Bombardment by large projectiles during the differentiation process causes melting and mixing, which produces a wide range of compositions in the crust. The formation of dunite, troctolite, high-, medium-, and low-K Fra Mauro basalts, and rocks close to the olivine-spinel-plagioclase peritectic point is considered.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 17, 1975 - Mar 21, 1975; Houston, TX
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