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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2017. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here under a nonexclusive, irrevocable, paid-up, worldwide license granted to WHOI. It is made available for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.Series B, Biological Sciences 373 (2018): 20170005, doi:10.1098/rstb.2017.0005.
    Description: Mobile animal groups provide some of the most compelling examples of self-organization in the natural world. While field observations of songbird flocks wheeling in the sky or anchovy schools fleeing from predators have inspired considerable interest in the mechanics of collective motion, the challenge of simultaneously monitoring multiple animals in the field has historically limited our capacity to study collective behaviour of wild animal groups with precision. However, recent technological advancements now present exciting opportunities to overcome many of these limitations. Here we review existing methods used to collect data on the movements and interactions of multiple animals in a natural setting. We then survey emerging technologies that are poised to revolutionize the study of collective animal behaviour by extending the spatial and temporal scales of inquiry, increasing data volume and quality, and expediting the post-processing of raw data.
    Description: This work was supported by the following: NSF grant IOS-1545888; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship (L.F.H.; 1650114); James S. McDonnell Foundation fellowship (A.M.H.); Max Planck Institute for Ornithology (A.S.-P.), the Human Frontier Science Program (A.S.-P.; LT000492/017); Gips-Schüle Foundation (A.S.-P.); Office of Naval Research (F.H.J.; N00014-1410410); Carlsberg Foundation (F.H.J.; CF15-0915); AIAS-COFUND fellowship from Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (F.H.J.).
    Keywords: Collective behaviour ; Collective motion ; Remote sensing ; Bio-logging ; Reality mining
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2015. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Springer for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 69 (2015): 685-693, doi:10.1007/s00265-015-1890-4.
    Description: Here we describe a portable stereo camera system that integrates a GPS receiver, an attitude sensor, and 3D stereo photogrammetry to rapidly estimate the position of multiple animals in space and time. We demonstrate the performance of the system during a field test by simultaneously tracking the individual positions of 6 long-­‐ finned pilot whales, Globicephala melas. In shore-­‐based accuracy trials, a system with a 50 cm stereo baseline had an average range estimation error of 0.09 m at a 5 m distance increasing up to 3.2 m at 50 m. The system is especially useful in field situations where it is necessary to follow groups of animals traveling over relatively long distances and time periods while obtaining individual positions with high spatial and temporal resolution (up to 8Hz). These positions provide quantitative estimates of a variety of key parameters and indicators for behavioural studies such as inter-­‐animal distances, group dispersion, speed and heading. This system can additionally be integrated with other techniques such as archival tags, photo-­‐ identification methods or acoustic playback experiments to facilitate fieldwork investigating topics ranging from natural social behaviour to how animals respond to anthropogenic disturbance. By grounding observations in quantitative metrics the system can characterize fine-­‐scale behaviour or detect changes as a result of disturbance that might otherwise be difficult to observe.
    Description: Research was funded in part by the Office of Naval Research (grants N000140910528 and N000141210417) and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Marine Mammal Center. FHJ was supported by the Danish Council for Independent Research | Natural Sciences and is currently funded by the Carlsberg Foundation. PLT was supported by the Scottish Funding Council (grant HR09011) through the Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland.
    Description: 2016-02-28
    Keywords: Photogrammetry ; Group cohesion ; Collective behaviour ; Geo‐location ; Range‐finding
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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