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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exploitation of wild Cicer species for yield improvement in chickpea (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 418-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Chickpea ; Cicer arietinum ; Wild Cicer species ; Interspecific cross ; Yield ; Introgression of genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) ranks third in the world, and first in the Mediterranean basin, for production among pulses. Despite its importance as a crop and considerable research effort, traditional breeding methods have so far been unable to produce cultivars with a large impact on chickpea production. Interspecific hybridization is known to improve yield in many crops. Therefore, an attempt was made to increase the seed yield in chickpea through the introgression of genes from wild relatives at the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Syria, from 1987 to 1995. Four crosses, ILC 482 (C. arietinum)×ILWC 179 (C. echinospermum) and ILC 482×ILWC 124 (C. reticulatum) and their reciprocals, were made. Pedigree selection was used to advance the material. Heterosis was recorded visually in F1s, and single plant measurements for seed yield were recorded in F2 populations. Promising and uniform progenies were bulked in the F5 generation. Out of 96 F6 lines, 22 were selected on the basis of seed yield and other agronomic characters, and evaluated in a replicated trial for seed yield and 14 agronomical, morphological and quality characters. A high level of heterosis was observed in F1s. Several F2 plants produced two to three times more seed yield than the best plant from the cultigen. Nine F7 lines out-yielded the cultigen parent by up to 39%. Over 2 years, 12 lines had a higher yield than the cultigen parent. These lines were not only high yielding but also free of any known undesirable traits from the wild species, such as spreading growth habit, pod dehiscence, and non-uniform maturity. Quality traits, such as seed shape, type, colour, weight, and testa texture, protein content, cooking time and an organoleptic test of a Middle East dish, Homos Bi-Tehineh, were also similar to the cultigen parent. Both C. echinospermum and C. reticulatum contributed towards the increased yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050578
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological variation in wild annual Cicer species in comparison to the cultigen (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 95 (1997), S. 309-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: chickpea ; Cicer arietinum ; Cicer echinospermum ; Cicer reticulatum ; Cicer species ; genetic resources
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Wild species have been exploited for the transfer of useful genes in most of the major crops, but little has been done in chickpea improvement. Therefore, 228 accessions of eight annual wild Cicer species plus 20 domesticated kabuli chickpea lines were evaluated for 23 vegetative, flower, fruit and seed descriptors at the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Syria, during 1993/94 to identify useful variations. Large differences between the cultivated and the annual wild taxa were found, especially for leaf area, growth habit, plant height, first pod height, pod dehiscence and 100-seed weight. These findings suggest that these traits underwent major changes during domestication. Although only a small sample of the cultigen was included in this study, C. arietinum showed greater morphological variability compared with the wild taxa. Among the wild taxa, C. reticulatum, C. echinospermum and C. bijugum had the largest variability and were also morphologically closest to the cultigen. Overall, the annual wild Cicer species were of no advantage for direct genetic improvement of agronomic traits in chickpea. Nevertheless, interesting variability was found for a few descriptors: wide leaflets in C. chorassanicum; many branches in C. bijugum and C. reticulatum; and early flowering in C. judaicum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003004516921
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diversity for abiotic and biotic stress resistance in the wild annual Cicer species (1998)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 45 (1998), S. 9-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: chickpea ; Cicer arietinum ; disease ; genetic diversity ; genetic resources ; multiple resistance ; nematode ; pest ; wild species
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Data on 228 accessions of eight annual wild Cicer species and 20 cultivated chickpea check lines were evaluated for diversity in response to six of the most serious biotic and abiotic stresses which reduce crop yield and production stability of chickpea, i.e., ascochyta blight, fusarium wilt, leaf miner, bruchid, cyst nematode, and cold. Relative frequencies of score reactions to the above six stresses were recorded from all the annual wild Cicer species and the cultivated taxon. Patterns of distribution and amount of variation of the resistance reactions differed between stresses and species. C. bijugum, C. pinnatifidum and C. echinospermum showed accessions with at least one source of resistance (1 to 4 score reactions) to each stress. Overall, C. bijugum showed the highest frequencies of the highest categories of resistance. Next in performance was C. pinnatifidum followed by C. judaicum, C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum. Furthermore, C. bijugum had the highest number of accessions with multiple resistance to the six stresses; two accessions were resistant to five stresses and 16 to four. According to the Shannon-Weaver diversity indices (H′), five species showed discrete mean diversity indices which varied from 0.649 in C. pinnatifidum to 0.526 in C. judaicum, whereas C. chorassanicum, C. cuneatum and C. yamashitae showed the lowest H′s, which were respectively 0.119, 0.174 and 0.216. Pair-wise correlations among the six biotic and abiotic stresses showed the possibility of combining these resistances. Interestingly, multiple resistant accessions were predominantly of Turkish origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008620002136
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