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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 22 (1983), S. 49-58 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Experimental measurements of disulfide bond stability at various stages of protein folding are considered in terms of the effective concentrations of the thiol groups relative to each other; values of up to 107M are observed, so that intramolecular interactions within the interior of a protein are much more stable, and provide greater stability to the folded conformation, than those on the surface or in a flexible segment. Intramolecular interactions can have substantially lower free energies than intermolecular, for solely entropic reasons; this implies that polar interactions, such as hydrogen bonds and salt bridges, can provide net stabilization to a folded conformation, in spite of the unfolded protein having intermolecular interactions with the solvent. These considerations can account for the lower free energy and enthalpy of the folded state and are useful for considering protein flexibility.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The sequence-specific recognition of double-helical DNA by oligonucleotide-directed triple helix formation is limited primarily to purine tracts. To identify potential lead compounds which are able to extend the sequence repertoire of triple helical complexes, we designed two carbocyclic nucleosides with nucleobases attached via amide bonds. N5-[(1R, 2S, 3R, 4R)-3-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxycyclopentyl]-2-{[(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]-amino}thiazole-5-carboxamide (L1) and 2-benzamido-N5-[(1R, 2S, 3R, 4R)-3-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxycyclopentyl]thiazole-5-carboxamide (L2) were synthesized and incorporated into pyrimidine oligonucleotides. The 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl (SEM) protecting group for the 1H-pyrrole NH was found to be compatible with DNA solid-phase synthesis of pyrimidine Oligonucleotides. By quantitative DNase I footprinting analysis, both nonnatural nucleosides L1 and L2 showed preferential binding of pyrimidine over purine bases: L1/2·(C·G) ≈ L1/2·(T · A) 〉 L1/2·(G·C) ≈ L1/2·(A · T). Comparison with the previously reported nonnatural nucleosides with extended aromatic nucleobases 1-(2-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-4-(3-benzamidophenyl)-imidazole (D3) and N4-[6-(benzamido)pyridin-2-yl]-2′-deoxycytidine (bzM) suggests that the observed binding selectivity C · G ≈ T · A 〉 G · C ≈ A · T for the nucleoside analogs L1, L2, D3, and bzM is derived from sequence-specific intercalation with preferential stacking of their nucleobases over pyrimidine · purine Watson-Crick base pairs.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 110 (1977), S. 3494-3500 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Molekülstruktur von Trimethyl(methylen)phosphoran in der Gasphase aus einer ElektronenbeugungsuntersuchungDie Molekülstruktur von Trimethyl(methylen)phosphoran, (CH3)3P=CH2, in der Gasphase wurde durch Elektronenbeugung bestimmt. Wichtigste Atomabstände ra sind P—C=181.5(3) und P=C=164.0(6) pm. Die Valenzwinkel zwischen den P—C(Methyl)-Bindungen betragen 101.6(5)°. Diese Parameter ergeben für die stark polare P=C(Methylen)-Bindung eine Bindungsordnung von etwa 2.0.
    Notes: The molecular structure of trimethyl(methylene)phosphorane, (CH3)3P=CH2, in the gas phase has been determined by electron diffraction. Principal distances are ra(P—C)=181.5(3), ra(P=C)=164.0(6) pm; and the angles between the P—C(methyl) bonds are 101.6(5)°. These parameters lead to a value for the order of the highly polar P—C(methylene) bond of about 2.0.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 110 (1977), S. 3508-3516 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Bestimmung der Molekülstruktur von Hexamethylcarbodiphosphoran in der Gasphase durch ElektronenbeugungDie Molekülstruktur von Hexamethylcarbodiphosphoran, (CH3)3P=C=P(CH3)3, wurde in der Gasphase durch Elektronenbeugung bestimmt. Die hauptsächlichen Bindungslängen (ra) sind P—C=181.4(3) pm, P=C=159.4(3) pm, C—H=108.9(4) pm. Die Winkel zwischen den P—C-(Methyl)-Bindungen betragen 101.4(3)°, der scheinbare P=C=P-Winkel 147.6(5)°. Die einzige fixierte Struktur, die die beste Anpassung an die Meßdaten ergibt, hat die Gesamtsymmetrie C2, doch wird für ein Modell mit freier Drehbarkeit um die P=C-Achse eine noch bessere Übereinstimmung gefunden. Daraus und aus anderen Hinweisen kann geschlossen werden, daß das Molekül einen symmetrischen Kreisel bildet und daß die P=C=P-Einheit in der gemittelten Struktur linear ist. Die beobachtete Schrumpfung geht danach auf eine sehr niedrige Beugungsfrequenz zurück, die zur scheinbaren Nichtlinearität führt.
    Notes: The molecular structure of hexamethylcarbodiphosphorane, (CH3)3P=C=P(CH3)3, in the gas phase has been determined by electron diffraction. Principle bond lengths (ra) are: P—C, 181.4(3) pm, P=C, 159.4(3) pm; C—H, 108.9(4) pm. The angles between the P—C (methyl) bonds are 101.4(3)°, and the apparent P=C=P angle is 147.6(5)°. The single structure that fits the experimental data closest has C2 overall symmetry, but an even closer fit is obtained if free rotation about the P=C bonds is assumed. This and other evidence indicates that the molecule is probably a symmetric top, and that the P=C=P unit is linear in the average structure, with shrinkage caused by a low frequency bending vibration giving rise to the apparent non-linearity.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 35 (1988), S. 1955-1965 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The microstructure of composites made from blends of poly(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole) [PBT] and nylon 6,6 has been investigated with wide-angle X-ray diffraction, selected area electron diffraction, and small-angle X-ray scattering techniques. The composite samples investigated were spun in both fiber and film forms dilute solutions of methane sulfonic acid.The structure of the composites was found to be a microfibrillar network of PBT in a matrix of partially crystalline nylon 6,6. The diameters of the PBT microfibrils were in the range of 30 to 70 Å.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 24 (1986), S. 233-239 
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 37 (1991), S. 1601-1606 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Oscillations of a conducting drop immersed in a dielectric fluid in an alternating electric field were modeled to understand the enhancement of transport processes by the electric field. Numerical solutions for oscillation amplitude, velocity distribution, resonant frequency and streamlines were obtained. The effects of viscosity and density on the resonant frequency and the velocity distribution were investigated. It was found that the resonant frequency of viscous fluids was always smaller than the free oscillation frequency of the same droplet. The predicted scanning frequency response curve and the streamlines agree well with the experimental observations.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 859-872 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: methanotroph ; trichloroethane ; expanded bed ; attached film ; biodegradation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Trichloroethene was degraded in expanded-bed bioreactors operated with mixed-culture methanotrophic attached films. Biomass concentrations of 8 to 75 g volatile solids (VS) per liter static bed (Lsb) were observed. Batch TCE degradation rates at 35°C followed the Michaelis-Menten model, and a maximum TCE degradation rate (qmax) of 10.6 mg TCE/gVS · day and a half velocity coefficient (KS) of 2.8 mg TCE/L were predicted. Continuous-flow kinetics also followed the Michaelis-Menten model, but other parameters may be limiting, such as dissolved copper and dissolved methane - qmax and KS were 2.9 mg TCE/gVS · day and 1.5 mg TCE/L, respectively, at low copper concentrations (0.003 to 0.006 mg Cu/L). The maximum rates decreased substantially with small increases in dissolved copper. Methane consumption during continuous-flow operation varied from 23 to 1200 g CH4/g TCE degraded. Increasing the influent dissolved methane concentration from 0.01 mg/L to 5.4 mg/L reduced the TCE degradation rate by nearly an order of magnitude at 21°C. Exposure of biofilms to 1.4 mg/L tetrachloroethene (PCE) at 35°C resulted in the loss of methane utilization ability. Tests with methanotrophs grown on granular activated carbon indicated that lower effluent TCE concentrations could be obtained. The low efficiencies of TCE removal and low degradation rates obtained at 35°C suggest that additional improvements will be necessary to make methanotrophic TCE treatment attractive. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 26 (1995), S. 172-175 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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